Covid-19, Análise Das Estratégias De Prevenção, Cuidados E Complicações Sintomáticas

Abstract

O vírus SARS-CoV-2, surgiu no final de 2019 em Wuhan, na China, provocando a Covid-19, sendo decretada uma pandemia em março de 2020 pela OMS. Possui alta transmissibilidade, podendo produzir complicações sintomáticas para idosos e portadores de comorbidades. Medidas de isolamento social e antissepsia são elementos chave para contenção do vírus. Objetivou-se nesse estudo uma revisão da literatura referente à Covid-19 e sua relação com pneumonia, sua prevenção e impactos na saúde pública. Foi realizada busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Bireme, Scielo, Portal da Capes e revistas especializadas. Novas doenças geram muitos desafios pela imprecisão de conhecimentos quanto a transmissão, a gravidade, o diagnóstico e o tratamento. O paciente com COVID-19 pode apresentar sintomas como: tosse seca, febre, dor de garganta, dor no corpo e complicações como: pneumonia, dispneia e necessidade de ventilação mecânica. O diagnóstico é realizado por meio de sorologia e/ou RT-PCR. Para diminuir a transmissão do vírus as estratégias estão centradas em medidas como antissepsia das mãos, do ambiente e no isolamento social, que leva ao fechamento de escolas e comércio. No Brasil, o sistema de saúde não comporta um rápido aumento do número de casos. O sistema entraria em colapso. Muitas mortes poderiam ocorrer sem as medidas de isolamento e prevenção. É o momento de atuação na divulgação de conhecimento em saúde para a população, para que a pandemia que chega ao país seja mitigada. Fica também evidente a necessidade de estruturação do sistema de saúde para o enfrentamento de desastres.

Impact Of The COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospital Admissions and In-Hospital Lethality From Cardiovascular Diseases in Brazil: An Ecological and Time Series Study

“…The reduction in hospitalizations for CDV may be the result of two important aspects that became present with the onset of the COVID-19 in Brazil: changes in the behavior of individuals, which caused less search for and/or evasion of health services; and aspects directly related to changes in the structure and functioning of health services, such as the reduction of outpatient care and the relocation of health professionals to fight the pandemic (BORGES, 2020). Notably, these changes are consequences of the implementation of a wide range of non-pharmacological measures aimed at containing the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 in the Brazilian territory 18 .…”

The Brazilian Unified Health System Organization of Services: Challenges and Demands in Times of COVID-19

“…7 In face of the pandemic, the health system had the role of restructuring the flow of care, defining the function of each unit, as well as from the creation of new specialized centers. 4,6 The primary care units had as their main function the care of non-serious cases of COVID-19, as well as in the education of the population by encouraging means of reducing the transmission of the infectious agent and identifying situations of social vulnerability. 6 From the work carried out in primary care, there was a reduction in the flow of patients seeking emergency units and hospitals, in response to improved care for more complex cases and a reduction in the flow of disease transmission.…”

“…11 The Brazilian health system did not show enough structure to handle the increased demand for ICU beds. Baptista et al 4 points out that in just one month, with 0.1% of the Brazilian population infected, these beds would already be overloaded and, considering the percentage of 1% per month in each microregion, the system would collapse with more than half of these regions operating in addition to its structural capacity.…”

“…This mechanism has been one of the pillars of economics in health, since it is based on it that we are able to analyze both the quality of services in different health organizations and the use and allocation of their resources. 3 In the COVID-19 pandemic, some measures related to the organization of services were taken, such as the expansion of beds in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and infirmary from the creation of campaign hospitals, 4 the increase in the availability of professionals from health from the advancement of graduation from those close to the end of graduation, 5 and also by the organization of care for cases of suspected diagnosis according to the different levels and units of health care. 6 Considering this discussion, this text aims to discuss how the current dynamics of the SUS in relation to the organization of services have influenced the performance of this system in facing the COVID-19 pandemic.…”

Relação entre as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e mortalidade por Covid-19 em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva da região norte do Brasil

“…O desenvolvimento de casos graves da Covid-19 tem sido associado a presença de doenças crônicas, principalmente hipertensão, diabetes, neoplasias, doenças respiratórias e doenças cardiovasculares. Estas comorbidades estão fortemente ligadas aos casos de pacientes que necessitaram de internação hospitalar (Baptista & Fernandes, 2020).…”