OBJECTIVE:To identify variables associated with hospitalizations sensitive to primary care. METHODS:A hospital morbidity survey was conducted using a random sample of 660 patients hospitalized in clinical and surgical wards of hospitals that had service agreements with the Brazilian National Health System, in the municipality of Montes Claros, Southeastern Brazil, between 2007 and 2008. Interviews were held with patients and members of their families using a specific form, and the patients' medical files were investigated. The definition of conditions considered sensitive to primary care was based on the Ministry of Health's list. Associations shown by socioeconomic and health variables in relation to hospitalizations sensitive to primary care were analyzed using bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS:The percentage of hospitalizations sensitive to primary care in the study group was 38.8% (n = 256). The variables that remained statistically associated with conditions considered sensitive to primary care were: previous hospitalization (OR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.51;2.28); regular visits to healthcare units (OR = 2.20; 95% CI: 1.44;3.36); low schooling level (OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.02;2.20); health checks not performed by the family health team (OR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.64;3.74); hospitalization requested by physicians who were not part of the family health team (OR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.03;4.94); and age greater than or equal to 60 years (OR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.45;3.09). CONCLUSIONS:The variables associated with hospitalizations sensitive to primary care are particularly those relating to patients, such as age, schooling level and previous hospitalization, but regular health checks outside of the Family Health Strategy doubled the likelihood of hospitalization.

OBJETIVOS: avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados às internações pediátricas por condições sensíveis à atenção primária (CSAP). MÉTODOS: realizouse inquérito hospitalar ao longo de um ano, com amostra representativa ealeatória de crianças internadas em um município do norte de Minas Gerais. Enfermarias pediátricas foram visitadas uma vez por semana em dias diferentes. Foram investigadas variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e relacionadas às condições de saúde. Para a definição das afecções sensíveis a atenção primária utilizou-se a relação oficial publicada pelo Ministério da Saúde. A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para avaliação conjunta das variáveis associadas às internações por CSAP. RESULTADOS: foram entrevistadas 365 famílias e a prevalência de internações por CSAP foi de 41,4%(n=151). O modelo final revelou que, em uma análise conjunta, as variáveis se mantiveram estatisticamente associadas com as internações por CSAP foram: residir em área da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (RP=1,19; IC95%=1,03-1,61) e idade menor que dois anos de idade (RP=1,42; IC95%=1,35-1,51). CONCLUSÕES: a prevalência observada é semelhante à encontrada em outros estudos e salienta a necessidade de melhoria dos cuidados ambulatoriais para a faixa etária estudada.

BACKGROUNDInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have been associated with a low quality of life (QoL) and a negative impact on work productivity compared to the general population. Information about disease control, patient-reported outcomes (PROs), treatment patterns and use of healthcare resources is relevant to optimizing IBD management.AIMTo describe QoL and work productivity and activity impairment (WPAI), treatment patterns and use of healthcare resources among IBD patients in Brazil.METHODSA multicenter cross-sectional study included adult outpatients who were previously diagnosed with moderate to severe Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). At enrolment, active CD and UC were defined as having a Harvey Bradshaw Index ≥ 8 or a CD Activity Index ≥ 220 or calprotectin > 200 µg/g or previous colonoscopy results suggestive of inadequate control (per investigator criteria) and a 9-point partial Mayo score ≥ 5, respectively. The PRO assessment included the QoL questionnaires SF-36 and EQ-5D-5L, the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ), and the WPAI questionnaire. Information about healthcare resources and treatment during the previous 3 years was collected from medical records. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact and Student’s t-/Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare PROs, treatment patterns and the use of healthcare resources by disease activity (α = 0.05).RESULTSOf the 407 patients in this study (CD/UC: 64.9%/35.1%, mean age 42.9/45.9 years, 54.2%/56.6% female, 38.3%/37.1% employed), 44.7%/25.2% presented moderate-to-severe CD/UC activity, respectively, at baseline. Expressed in median values for CD/UC, respectively, the SF-36 physical component was 46.6/44.7 and the mental component was 45.2/44.2, the EQ-visual analog scale score was 80.0/70.0, and the IBDQ overall score was 164.0/165.0. Moderate to severe activity, female gender, being unemployed, a lower educational level and lower income were associated with lower QoL (P < 0.05). Median work productivity impairment was 20% and 5% for CD and UC patients, respectively, and activity impairment was 30%, the latter being higher among patients with moderate to severe disease activity compared to patients with mild or no disease activity (75.0% vs 10.0%, P < 0.001). For CD/UC patients, respectively, 25.4%/2.8% had at least one surgery, 38.3%/19.6% were hospitalized, and 70.7%/77.6% changed IBD treatment at least once during the last 3 years. The most common treatments at baseline were biologics (75.3%) and immunosuppressants (70.9%) for CD patients and 5-ASA compounds (77.5%) for UC patients.CONCLUSIONModerate to severe IBD activity, especially among CD patients, is associated with a substantial impact on QoL, work productivity impairment and an increased number of IBD surgeries and hospitalizations in Brazil.

rEsumo objetivo: Verificar a prevalência do transtorno mental comum (TMC) na população da cidade de Montes Claros, MG, e a existência de associação entre os fatores socioeconô-micos e a utilização de práticas integrativas e complementares/medicina complementar e alternativa (PIC/MCA) com o TMC. métodos: Estudo transversal. População alvo: moradores de Montes Claros. A amostragem foi probabilística, com 3.090 pessoas. Utilizouse formulário semi-estruturado e o self reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20) para identificação do TMC. Realizou-se regressão robusta de Poisson na análise com significância estatística considerada de p < 0,05. resultados: A prevalência de TMC foi de 23,2%, sendo 75% usuá-rios de PIC/MCA. Após controle para fatores de confusão, a prevalência de TMC foi maior naqueles com menor escolaridade (RP = 2,12; IC = 1,80-2,49); com menor nível econômico (RP = 1,92; IC = 1,07 -3,44); com mais de 40 anos (RP = 1,30; IC = 1,15-1,48); do gênero feminino (RP = 2,99; IC = 1,50-3,58) e mais freqüente entre os que recorreram à homeopatia (RP = 1,52; IC = 1,12-2,08) e às benzedeiras (RP = 1,25; IC = 1,08-1,46). Conclusões: O TMC é muito freqüente na população de Montes Claros. As variáveis: escolaridade, nível econômico, idade e sexo, bem como a procura por homeopatia e benzedeiras estiveram associados ao TMC.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Homeopathy is a therapeutic system that uses small doses of substances to stimulate autoregulatory and self-healing processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the use of homeopathy by the population of Montes Claros, Brazil, and the socioeconomic profile of users. DESIGN AND SETTING: Probabilistic cross-sectional study with cluster sampling, in the city of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. METHODS: This study was conducted by applying semi-structured questionnaires. The sample was composed of 3,080 people. For the statistical analysis, Student's t test and the chi-square test were used. The statistical significance level used was P < 0.05. RESULTS: We interviewed 3,090 people. The prevalence of the use of homeopathy was 2.4%. The factors associated with its use were female gender, schooling and income. The main reason that led to seeking homeopathy was "Conventional treatment did not have any effect". For 70.2% of the users, the cost of the treatment was considered reasonable or cheap. About 73% were satisfied or very satisfied with the treatment received through homeopathy. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of the use of homeopathy found here was less than that reported in other countries. People with higher income and schooling levels used homeopathy more frequently. There was higher prevalence among women. Most users declared themselves satisfied with the treatment received.

Complementary and alternative medicine is used by a significant number of those interviewed. Gender, religion, marital status, income and education were positively associated with utilization of complementary and alternative medicine. Access of those with less income and education could increase the utilization of the options that involve expenses.

Background and study aims  Screening for esophageal and gastric varices is indicated for patients with portal hypertension or cirrhosis. Typically, conventional endoscopy is used; however, the need for sedation increases the costs and risks, especially in cirrhotic patients. Use of transnasal endoscopy with an ultrathin endoscope enables study of the upper gastrointestinal tract without the need for sedation. The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of transnasal endoscopy in screening for esophageal and gastric varices in patients with chronic liver disease. Patients and methods  This was a prospective study in which transnasal endoscopy was carried out in patients with cirrhosis or portal hypertension who had indications for screening of esophageal and gastric varices. The following variables were evaluated: demographical data, duration of procedure, patient tolerance and acceptance, adverse events (AEs), endoscopic findings and interobserver agreement related to portal hypertension alterations ( kappa index). Results  A total of 50 patients entered the study. The most common cause of liver disease was chronic viral hepatitis (66 %). Among the cirrhotic patients, most of the patients were Child-Pugh A (74 %). In 5 patients (10 %), nasal intubation was not possible. Two patients (4 %) experienced minor epistaxis. Tolerance was excellent or good in 92 % according with a visual analogic scale. In 16 patients (32 %), esophageal varices were detected and in 2 patients (4 %) gastric varices were detected. The mean duration of the procedure was 7 minutes. Conclusions  Transnasal endoscopy is feasible, effective and well tolerated for screening of esophageal and gastric varices in patients with chronic liver disease. It can be performed in outpatient clinics safely and without the use of sedation.

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