Abstract. Supartha IW, Susila IW, Sunari AAAAS, Mahaputra IGF, Yudha IKW, Wiradana PA. 2021. Damage characteristics and distribution patterns of invasive pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize crop in Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3378-3387. The Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a destructive crop pest native to North and South America which has now been reported to have spread to Indonesia. This study aims to ensure the attack and spread of invasive pests FAW on corn crops in Bali. In addition, it also studied population structure, age structure, and percentage of attacks on maize crops in high altitude areas in Bali, Indonesia. The research was conducted using survey methods. A sampling of plants is carried out in all districts and cities in the Province of Bali by diagonal sampling. The sample unit size is 5 m × 5 m with the number of plants observed being 150 plants. The score of plant damage at the age of 4 weeks after planting (WAP) plants has a "very heavy" attack intensity value. Areas of upper leaves or young leaves most affected by S. frugiperda attack in the field. The results showed that pest FAW has been entering and attacking maize crops in Bali since January 2020 as the first report. At the beginning of the entry was only found in some lowland locations, especially in Tabanan and Jembrana regency, but within the next 4 months, it has spread evenly in all districts and cities in Bali province. Adults populations and egg groups of FAW were found to peak by the time the corn crop was 2 weeks old after planting while the larval population reached its peak by the time the plant was 4 WAP The highest percentage of FAW attacks is in altitude areas below 250 meters above sea level (masl) with an average attack per observation plot of 47.84%. This research is the first to report on FAW attacks on maize crops in Bali Province since January 2020 and adds to our knowledge of FAW pests on maize crops in Bali Province.
The aim of this study is to assess the extent of attack and the potential for decreased production of maize types in the field caused to Spodoptera frugiperda. This study was carried out on a large scale, with four treatments and six replications (10 systematic sample replications). Parameters observed include population development, attack rate, the potential for production decline. The results show that this pest attack began to be found in maize 2 weeks after planting (wap) with an average population of 5.37 individu on sweet corn and 6.53 individu on glutinous corn. Furthermore, the population continued to increase up to 5 wap and lowering again to 8 wap. The regression analysis revealed a positive relationship between the larval population and the S. frugiperda attack rate. Sweet corn production decreased by 28.08 percent and glutinous corn output decreased by 25.04 percent, respectively. Overall, our results showed that S. frugiperda attacks continued to increase in both maize varieties (glutinous and sweet), which was indicated by an increase in population and a decrease in production on a field trial scale.
Response of Braconid Parasitoid Against Invasive Pest, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Vegetable and Ornamental Crops in Bali. Research on the respopnse of Braconid parasitoids to the invasive pest, Liriomyza trifolii that attacks ornamental plants and vegetables in Bali, was carried out from September 2020 to March 2021. This study aimed to determine the type and abundance of parasitoid populations that responded to Liriomyza trifolii on host plants in the field. In addition, this study also aims to evaluate the level of parasitization of each parasitoid against L. trifolii. This study used a purposive sampling method by taking leaf samples that showed active symptoms of Liriomyza larvae in the leaves of plants. The research focused on vegetables and ornamental plants cultivated in lowlands <500 meters above sea level (masl), mediumlands 500-1000 meters above sea level and highlands> 1000 meters above sea level. The results showed that there were two species of Braconid parasitoids that responded to Liriomyza trifolii in the field, namely Opius dissitus and Opius cromatomiyae. The relative abundance and degree of parasitization of the two parasitoids showed variation between host plant species and altitude. The relative abundance of O. dissituse was high in chrysanthemum (10.81%) at an altitude of >1000 masl and low in long beans (0.53%) at an altitude of <500 masl. The highest relative abundance of O. cromatomiyae was in marigold flowers (51.18%) at an altitude of <500 masl and the lowest was in chrysanthemum (44.83%) at an altitude of > 1000 masl. The highest level of parasitization of O. dissitus was found in pakcoy plants (50.00%) at an altitude of >1000 masl and the lowest was in mustard plants (6.06%) at an altitude of <500 masl. The highest level of parasitization of O. cromatomiyae was in celery (33.33%) at an altitude <500 masl and the lowest was in tomato plants (25.00%) at an altitude> 1000 masl. Both species of Braconid parasitoids have high potential as biological control agents for L. trifolii as indicated by their relative abundance and high levels of parasitization against these invasive pests.
Imature Development and Parasitization Behavior of Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) as a Larval Ectoparasitoid of Liriomyza sativae (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Liriomyza is one of the important pests that attacking vegetable plants in Indonesia. Parasitoid which is commonly associated with Liriomyza is Hemiptarsenus varicornis. The study was conducted at the Greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University and at the Integrated Pest Management Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University, Denpasar. The research starts from February to September 2018. The purpose of this study was to determine the development and parasitization behavior of the pre-adult phase of H. variconis on L. sativae. The development of the parasitoid pre-adult phase was observed in the form of egg, larvae, pupa and imago stages. Observation of pre-adult phase parasitization behavior was carried out by tearing the leaves of plants that had been infested and observed under a binocular microscope. The result indicated that the time required for the development of pre-adult phase H.varicornis was nine days at an average temperature of 28oC, with egg stage (24 hours), larval stage (48 hours) and the pupa stage (120 hours). The parasitization behavior of the immature parasitoid H. varicornis includes three stages, namely the search for hosts, finding the host and receiving the host and directly infusing the host's body fluids, then going away from the host's destroyed body. Host search behavior occurs when new larvae appear, while the process of sucking in body fluids occurs when the instar-1 larvae before the instar-2 and away from the host occur before parasitoid larvae enter the pupa phase.
Abstract. Sunari AAAAS, Supartha IW, Susila IW, Utama IWEK, Yasa IWS, Yudha IKW. 2023. Short Communication: Feeding trial, biological, and demographic parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on several Graminae species (laboratory trial scale). Biodiversitas 24: 3325-3331. The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith is a new pest that has entered Indonesia. The ability of the S. frugiperda pest adaptation to several types of graminae plants is important to determine the distribution of potential hosts in the field. The adaptability of S. frugiperda was observed from two parameters, namely biology, and demography, which were tested on three plant types of the Graminae family consisting of hybrida variety corn, Jatiluwih local rice, and sorghum. This research was conducted from May to November 2022 at the Integrated Pest and Disease Management Laboratory (IPMLab), Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University. The observation was made on several bionomic and demographic parameters. Demographic parameters were determined by observing the gross reproduction rate (GRR), net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), generation time (T), doubling time (DT), and observing the fecundity rate of S. frugiperda. The results showed that S. frugiperda biology was best in hybrid corn plants with a short duration of larval life. The survival chances were obtained from daily observations of S. frugiperda, which decreased on day 32 on hybrid corn and sorghum plants. On the other hand, on Jatiluwih local rice plants, imago's survival chance started to decrease at 34 days old. In observing demographic parameters, lower R0 and r values and higher T and DT values ??indicate that hybrid corn plants are the best for S. frugiperda to grow and develop.
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