Damage characteristics and distribution patterns of invasive pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize crop in Bali, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Supartha IW, Susila IW, Sunari AAAAS, Mahaputra IGF, Yudha IKW, Wiradana PA. 2021. Damage characteristics and distribution patterns of invasive pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize crop in Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3378-3387. The Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a destructive crop pest native to North and South America which has now been reported to have spread to Indonesia. This study aims to ensure the attack and spread of invasive pests FAW on corn crops in Bali. In addition, it also studied population structure, age structure, and percentage of attacks on maize crops in high altitude areas in Bali, Indonesia. The research was conducted using survey methods. A sampling of plants is carried out in all districts and cities in the Province of Bali by diagonal sampling. The sample unit size is 5 m × 5 m with the number of plants observed being 150 plants. The score of plant damage at the age of 4 weeks after planting (WAP) plants has a "very heavy" attack intensity value. Areas of upper leaves or young leaves most affected by S. frugiperda attack in the field. The results showed that pest FAW has been entering and attacking maize crops in Bali since January 2020 as the first report. At the beginning of the entry was only found in some lowland locations, especially in Tabanan and Jembrana regency, but within the next 4 months, it has spread evenly in all districts and cities in Bali province. Adults populations and egg groups of FAW were found to peak by the time the corn crop was 2 weeks old after planting while the larval population reached its peak by the time the plant was 4 WAP The highest percentage of FAW attacks is in altitude areas below 250 meters above sea level (masl) with an average attack per observation plot of 47.84%. This research is the first to report on FAW attacks on maize crops in Bali Province since January 2020 and adds to our knowledge of FAW pests on maize crops in Bali Province.

Potential Yield Reduction of Sweet and Glutinous Corn Varieties Damaged by The Invasive Pest Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Field Trial Scale

“…Glutinous and sweet corn varieties have great potential to be produced, especially in the province of Bali. However, problems caused by S. frugiperda are still being experienced in the planting of this local corn variety in Bali [12,13]. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a series of field-scale studies to evaluate the level of attack and the potential loss of yield as a result of this S. frugiperda attack.…”

Host Plant Species Of The New Invasive Pest, Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda) In South Sumatra

“…This pest comes from South America [1] and entered Indonesia for the first time on March 26, 2019 in West Sumatra [2]. The FAW began to spread to other provinces and islands in Indonesia, including West Java [3], Lampung [4], Bengkulu [5], Bali [6], South Sumatra [7]. The FAW damages maize and various other plant species [8] by means of its larvae phase eating leaves, stems, flowers, fruit, growing points, and whole plant parts [5,8].…”

“…The FAW damages maize and various other plant species [8] by means of its larvae phase eating leaves, stems, flowers, fruit, growing points, and whole plant parts [5,8]. In Indonesia, the FAW generally attacks maize with damage in Lampung ranging from 26.50-70% [9], in East Nusa Tenggara ranging from 85 to 100% [10], in Bali reaching 47.84% [6].…”

Spatial Distribution and Genetic Diversity of The Fall Armyworm, <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> J.E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Bali Province and Lesser Sunda, Indonesia

“…As a well-known pest, FAW can produce yield losses ranging from 15 -73% with the most preferred host plant being corn. FAW is reported to have experienced rapid growth in several countries in America, Africa, and Asia [3,4]. The larvae are capable of causing a yield loss of 10.6% in maize in northeastern Mexico [5].…”