The aim of the study was to test whether the correlation between parental behaviors in the context of adolescent disclosure and adolescents’ self-reported disclosure could be explained by fulfillment of adolescents’ basic psychological needs within their relationships with mothers and fathers. The cross-sectional data were collected from a representative sample of 1,074 seventh graders in Croatia. Parental facilitating behaviors (initiating conversation, support and respectful guidance) and some of the inhibiting behaviors (unavailability, punishment) were shown to be indirectly associated with adolescents’ disclosure through the perceptions of their needs satisfaction. The assumption about the unique contribution of the need-for-relatedness satisfaction in mediating the link between parental behaviors and disclosure was consistently supported, whereas the specific contribution of the need-for-autonomy was apparent only in data about mothers, but not fathers. The results are equivalent for routine disclosure and self-disclosure, suggesting that the processes through which parents facilitate or inhibit both are rather comparable.

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European families have been undergoing changes in power relations among the family members, including democratization of relations between parents and children. These processes were facilitated by the implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) Rev. soc. polit., god. 23, br. 3, str. 399-421, Zagreb 2016. Pećnik N., Matić J., Tokić Milaković A.:

Osim u klasične oblike nasilja (fizičko, verbalno, relacijsko, seksualno, ekonomsko i kulturalno), djeca su u novije vrijeme uključena u nasilnička ponašanja posredstvom elektroničkih medija. Ovaj rad donosi pregled literature koja se bavi nasiljem među djecom, s ciljem utvrđivanja sličnosti i specifičnosti elektroničkog nasilja u odnosu na klasične oblike. Sličnosti ovih oblika nasilničkog ponašanja među djecom se prvenstveno manifestiraju u preklapanju ključnih elemenata definicije zlostavljanja među djecom te povezanosti između činjenja elektroničkog i klasičnih oblika nasilja, odnosno povezanosti između doživljavanja obaju oblika nasilja. S druge strane, postoje stajališta da je elektroničko nasilje specifična pojava koja se od klasičnog nasilja među djecom razlikuje prema obilježjima ključnih elemenata definicije nasilničkog ponašanja, anonimnosti «počinitelja» nasilja, širine publike te visokoj dostupnosti nasilnih sadržaja u svakom trenutku. Također, u radu se uspoređuju čimbenici rizika i zaštite (na individualnoj, obiteljskoj, školskoj i vršnjačkoj razini) za uključenost djece u klasično i elektroničko nasilje. Iako je pojavnost elektroničkog nasilja u svijetu i u Hrvatskoj još uvijek znatno niža od klasičnih oblika nasilja, zbog utvrđenih specifičnosti elektroničkog nasilja, važno je da aktualni programi prevencije nasilja među djecom implementiraju i određene aktivnosti ciljano usmjerene na smanjivanje elektroničkog nasilja među djecom.

The relationship between siblings is often the longest lasting relationship within an individual’s life (Cicirelli, 1995). This relationship is especially important for individuals with developmental difficulties, since their siblings are usually those who undertake the role of caregivers, after the parents are no longer available to do so. However, recent research suggests that establishing a close relationship with a sibling diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be considerably more challenging compared to siblings with other developmental difficulties (Tomeny et.al., 2017). Although the siblings of individuals diagnosed with ASD have received a certain amount of attention in the last decade worldwide, this area is still under-researched in Croatia, and is insufficiently addressed in interventions aimed at helping families with children diagnosed with ASD. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of siblings living with a brother with ASD and their perceptions of the received and needed support. Six semi-structured interviews with adult siblings of individuals with ASD were conducted and analysed using thematic analysis. Generally, most of the interviewed individuals show a relatively high level of acceptance and affection towards their brother and feel that they have adapted to the brother’s condition. Although they mentioned some positive experiences and outcomes, they reported on many difficult aspects of growing up with their brother on the autism spectrum. None of them received any professional support during their growing up, and their opinions about the potential usefulness of programs targeted at siblings are divided.

Stereotipna ponašanja pojavljuju se kod većine osoba s poremećajem iz spektra autizma (PSA) i često znatno ometaju njihovo funkcioniranje. Cilj je ovog rada prikazati najčešće korištene bihevioralne metode i postupke za redukciju stereotipija kod djece s PSA-om te sažeti rezultate recentnih sistematskih preglednih studija u kojima je procijenjena njihova učinkovitost. Rezultati recentnih preglednih studija sugeriraju da u području tretmana motornih stereotipija najviše empirijske potpore imaju antecedentni postupci mijenjanja okoline te diferencijalno potkrepljenje alternativnog ponašanja (Akers i sur., 2020), a u području tretmana vokalnih stereotipija antecedentne metode auditorne stimulacije, kao i intervencije temeljene na posljedicama (Wang i sur., 2020). U radu se raspravlja o nedostacima dosad provedenih studija učinkovitosti te su ponuđene neke smjernice za planiranje budućih istraživanja (provedba funkcionalne analize prije implementacije tretmana, provjera integriteta provedenog tretmana, ispitivanje trajnosti postignutih učinaka, provjera učinaka tretmana na druga ponašanja, generalizacije učinaka na različite lokacije, situacije i u prisustvu različitih ljudi itd.). Nadalje, za sigurnije zaključke o dokaznoj utemeljenosti pojedinih tretmana, preporuka je planirati studije učinkovitosti koje uključuju provedbu randomiziranih kontroliranih pokusa. U kliničkoj praksi, potrebno je osigurati da se djeci s PSAom omogući pristup onim terapijskim postupcima koji su znanstveno utemeljeni, i to pravodobno te odgovarajućim intenzitetom.

Contemporary literature on parenting support programmes advocates for greater engagement of fathers and a stronger evidence base of the programmes' effectiveness. This study examines the outcomes of the parenting support programme "Growing Up Together Fathers' Club" conducted through four weekly workshops with fathers of young children. A pre-post intervention comparison of self-reported data from 238 fathers who completed the programme in 25 sites throughout Croatia revealed an increase in parental self-efficacy, positive involvement with the child and attempted understanding of the child's perspective, and a decrease in harsh parenting and violence to the child after the programme. Participants' educational level did not moderate the results. Qualitative data provide insight into perceived programme benefits for fathers and their children as well as suggestions for programme improvement.

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