Rev. Nutr., Campinas, 18(1):41-52, jan./fev., 2005 Revista de Nutrição R E S U M O ObjetivoAvaliar uma intervenção nutricional educativa desenvolvida para alunos de Universidades Abertas para a Terceira Idade. MétodosA população foi constituída por indivíduos com 45 anos de idade ou mais, freqüentadores de quatro instituições de ensino do Município de São Paulo. O estudo teve delineamento quase experimental, do tipo pré-teste/ pós-teste, sem grupo controle. A ação educativa (quatro aulas de três horas cada; distribuição de uma apostila com o conteúdo das aulas e de um guia alimentar com orientações gerais) era parte das atividades oferecidas pelas instituições e foi desenvolvida por nutricionistas durante o segundo semestre de 1996. Os dados pessoais e de conhecimentos sobre nutrição foram coletados por meio de questionário auto-aplicado. O conhecimento foi identificado aplicando-se teste especialmente elaborado. As práticas alimentares, identificadas por meio do registro de alimentos consumidos em três dias, tiveram como variáveis analisadas: o valor energético total, a proporção de macronutrientes, o colesterol, a vitamina A, cálcio e ferro. ResultadosAs modificações identificadas foram: aumento dos conhecimentos sobre nutrição, diminuição de consumo de lipídios, de proteínas e de colesterol. As modificações citadas referiram-se ao tipo de alimento consumido, à

Resultados e ConclusõesObservou-se que 60% da população consome dieta com energia total abaixo da estimativa das necessidades e que a contribuição calórica dos carboidratos foi de 56%, dos lipídios de 29% e das proteínas de 15%. Entretanto, na análise por percentil, a contribuição calórica dos lipídios e das proteínas encontra-se muito acima dos padrões recomendados em detrimento dos carboidratos. A energia, distribuição calórica e quantidade de colesterol foi adequada em apenas 5% das dietas. Dentre os fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares estudados observou-se a prevalência de obesidade em 38% dos indivíduos, de dislipidemias em 26% e de diabetes melito em 5%. A atividade física leve preponderante com dieta inadequada, tanto em termos de qualitativos quanto quantitativos, agravam ainda mais esse quadro.

OBJECTIVE: To test association between overweight, central obesity and stature. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study carried-out between 1990 ± 1991. SUBJECTS: 951 adults (387 male and 564 female) aged 20 ± 64 y, resident in the metropolitan area of Sa Ä o Paulo, Brazil. MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometry, blood lipid concentrations (total, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs) and blood glucose. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference were used to identify overweight (BMI b 25 kgam 2 ), obdominal obesity (WHR tertile 3 and waist circumference tertile 3), respectively. The subjects were categorised as those of short stature (women`150 cm, men`162 cm) and those of normal stature (women !150 cm, men !162 cm). RESULTS: Prevalence of short stature was 19.6% and 15.4% in men and women, respectively. Short stature women had higher serum concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, TGs and glucose than those of normal stature. Among men, this difference was not observed, except for glucose concentrations. Short stature women had high BMI and WHR means in some age categories, compared with those of normal stature. Both overweight and high WHR frequencies were greater in short stature women than in those of normal ones. In multivariate analysis, adjusted by age, income, marital status, education, physical activity and tobacco use, only women group with short stature compared with normal stature had signi®cantly risk of overweight an high WHR. In the same group there was no association with waist circumference. Among the men there was signi®cant opposite association with waist circumference. CONCLUSION: Short stature in women can potentially be an independent risk factor for overweight and high WHR.

This study has sought to characterize the prevalence of lipemic disorders and other risk factors of atheroschlerotic cardiovascular disease in population groups of Cotia county in Greater S. Paulo, Brazil. The population groups were defined on the basis of socio-economic characteristics and geographical location within the county such as provided elements for the delimitation of the "study areas". A sample representative of each of these areas was taken, constituting in all 1,041 individuals. The data related to eating habits were collected from a sub-sample of 568 people. The lipemic disorders diagnosed were as follows: high risk hypercholesterolemias with values approximately 240 mg/dl for total cholesterol and approximately 160 mg/dl for LDL-cholesterol; borderline risk hypercholesterolemias with values > 200 mg/dl and > 130 mg/dl for total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol respectively; hypertriglyceridemia, with values approximately 250 mg/dl. The following risk factors were included: atherogenic eating habits (consumption of proteins of animal origin, saturated fats and cholesterol), smoking, drinking, sedentary life style, obesity (IMC > 25 kg/m2), hypertension (140/90 mmHg) and diabetes mellitus (glycemia > 120 mg/dl). The results found were the following: 1--the average number of risk factors was significant by greater among men than among women, for the age groups below 50 years of age (p < 0.01): between 50 and 55 years of age they were equal for the two groups, reaching their greatest value at 60 years of age with a sharp reduction after this latter age as regard the men but presenting a constant gradual increase for the women; 2--the average number of risk factors increased with age for both sexes (p < 0.01); 3--the prevalences of high risk hypercholesterolemias together with hypertriglyceridemia (> = 250 mg/dl) were significantly greater in the classes of higher socio-economic level; 4--the lipemic profile associated with lipemic disorders show that these latter rarely occur with just one constituent in isolation; 5--when the high-risk hypercolesterolemias are added to the borderline cases accompanied by two or more risk factors and hypertriglyceridemia they give a total of 39.2% of men and 32.8% of women, that is to say, 35.4% of the sample need immediate clinical-educational intervention.