RESUMOForam utilizados 36 cordeiros machos inteiros, sendo 24 da raça Santa Inês e 12 da raça Bergamácia, os quais entraram no experimento com 15kg e foram distribuídos aleatoriamente nos grupos de peso ao abate (GPA) de 15, 25, 35 e 45kg. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o declínio do pH post-mortem, cor (CIE L*a*b*), perda de peso por cozimento (PPC) e força de cisalhamento (FC) nos músculos longissimus dorsi (LD) e semimembranosus (SM). Os parâmetros estudados foram submetidos à análise de regressão. O valor de pH para ambos os músculos foi expresso através de equações de regressão do tipo exponencial, apresentando uma rápida queda nas primeiras horas, seguido de estabilização. No músculo LD foi encontrado que a glicólise desenvolveu-se mais rapidamente com o aumento do peso. A análise dos componentes da cor para ambos os músculos estudados apresentaram o mesmo comportamento. A raça Bergamácia apresentou maior índice de luminosidade (L*), ou seja, maior brilho. O valor de L* diminuiu, o teor de vermelho (a*) aumentou e o teor de amarelo (b*) diminuiu linearmente em relação ao aumento do peso. A análise geral dos componentes da cor indicou que a carne de cordeiro é mais escura com o aumento do peso. Os resultados das análise de PPC e FC foram similares entre as raças e GPA, os valores obtidos para PPC foram de 28,0±2,5% (LD) e 30,5±4,1% (SM), para FC foram de 2,6±0,6kg (LD) e 2,8±0,7kg (SM).Palavras-chave: cordeiro; carne; qualidade. SUMMARYEFFECT OF THE SLAUGHTER WEIGHT ON THE PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF BERGAMÁCIA AND SANTA INÊS LAMBS MEAT. Thirty-six whole male lambs were used, being twenty-four of Santa Inês breed and twelve of Bergamácia breed, which weighed 15kg at the very beginning of the experiment, and were randomized allocated into slaughtering weight groups (SWG) of 15, 25, 35 and 45kg. The objective of this work was to evaluate the pH post-mortem decline, color (CIEL* a* b*), cooking weight loss (CWL) and shearing force (SF) in the longissimus dorsi (LD) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles. The examined parameters were submitted to a regression analysis. The value of pH for both muscles was expressed by regression equation of exponential type, presenting a fast fall in the first hours, followed by stabilization. The LD muscle glycolisis rate was found to develop more quickly with an increase in weight. The analysis for color components for both examined muscles presented the same behavior. The breed Bergamacia presented larger index lightness (L*), that is to say, larger brilliance. The value of L* decreased, the red content (a*) increased and the yellow content (b*) linearly decreased as the weight increased. The general analysis for color components had indicated that lamb becomes darker with weight increase. The results of CWL and SF analyses were similar in both breeds and SWG, the values for CWL were 28.0±2.5% (LD) and 30.5±4.1% (SM) and for SF 2.6±0.6kg (LD) and 2.8±0.7kg.Keywords: lamb; meat; quality. -INTRODUÇÃONo Brasil, a maioria dos ovinos destinados ao abate são comercializados ...

RESUMO -Propôs-se avaliar os parâmetros de qualidade pH, cor, perda de peso por cozimento (PPC) e força de cisalhamento (FC) no músculo Longissimus dorsi (LD) e Semimembranosus (SM) de 13 cordeiros machos e 14 fêmeas Santa Inês puro (SI x SI) e o mesmo número de animais Texel x Santa Inês (T x SI), abatidos com 15, 25, 35 e 45 kg PV. A carcaça foi resfriada por 24 horas a 2ºC, realizando-se, durante este período, as medidas de pH. Retiraram-se os músculos LD e SM para as análises de cor, PPC e FC. Utilizou-se um DIC, fatorial 2x2x4, e as médias foram analisadas pelo Proc GLM do programa estatístico SAS. As medidas de pH foram analisadas em parcela subdividida. A queda do pH no LD e SM foi mais acentuada para os animais mais leves. A carne das fêmeas T x SI apresentou pH final maior que a dos machos e cordeiros SI x SI. A luminosidade diminuiu e a intensidade da cor vermelha elevou-se com o aumento do peso de abate. A carne dos machos e dos cordeiros SI x SI apresentou coloração mais vermelha e menos luminosa no LD e SM. A PPC foi menor na carne dos cordeiros mais pesados; no músculo LD, dos machos houve menor perda de água que nos das fêmeas. Os machos tiveram carne mais dura e, com o aumento do peso de abate, houve diminuição de FC, sendo maior para o T x SI para o músculo LD e Santa Inês puro para o músculo SM.Palavras-chave: ovinos, músculos, cor, cozimento, maciez, pH Quality of Meat Production of Purebred Santa Inês and Crossbred Texel x Santa InêsLambs at Different Slaughter Weights ABSTRACT -The objective of this study was analyze the colour, pH, weight loss by cooking (PPC) and shear force (FC) of the Longissimus dorsi (LD) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles of Santa Inês (SI x SI) and Texel x Santa Inês (T x SI) lambs, slaughtered at different live weights. Thirteen males and fourteen females were slaughtered at 15, 25, 35 and 45 of live weight. The carcasses were kept during twenty-four hours at 2 o C and during that time the pH was measured. A completely randomized design in a latin square (2x2x4) arrange for analyse of colour, PPC and FC was used. Split plot arranged was used for the pH values analysis. The decrease of pH of both muscles (LD and SM) was greater in the lighter animals. T x SI females meat showed higher pH values than SI x SI males lambs. The lightness values increased and darkness was lower when the slaughter weight increased. The muscles (LD and SM) of the SI x SI males were reader and darker. The PPC was lower in the heaviest animals and in the LD muscle it was lower in the female lambs. Male lambs muscles lost more water were harder than of the females muscles. The decrease of the FC was related to the increase in the slaughtering weight, and this effect was higher in the LD muscle of T x SI animals and in the SM muscle of the SI x SI animals.

Meat has played a crucial role in human evolution and is an important component of a healthy and well-balanced diet on account of its nutritional properties, its high biological value as a source of protein, and the vitamins and minerals it supplies. We studied the effects of animal fat reduction and substitution by hydrogenated vegetal fat, sodium alginate and guar gum. Fatty acid composition, lipid oxidation, color and instrumental texture as well as the sensorial difference between low, substituted-fat and the traditional formulations for mortadella-type products were analyzed. Both substitution and reduction of animal fat decreased the saturated fatty acids percentage from 40% down to 31%. A texture profile analysis showed differences between the formulations. Furthermore, lipid oxidation values were not significant for treatments as regards the type and quantity of fat used while the use of sodium alginate and guar gum reduced the amounts of liquid released after cooking. Animal fat substitution does cause, however, a difference in overall sensorial perception compared with non-substituted products. The results confirm the viability of substituting vegetal fat for animal fat.Keywords: lipid profile, lipid oxidation, fat-replacers, fat vegetal, texture Escrich et al., 2007). However, the incorporation of these vegetal fats may be associated with a reduction in quality due mainly to a significant oxidative instability. The oxidation of unsaturated lipid fractions along with oxygen presence during meat grinding and the adding salt in processing could have a negative impact on the quality of these products (Álvarez et al., 2011).Hydrocolloids influence many of the functional properties of processed meat products (Chattong et al., 2007). They are commonly used in comminuted products as emulsifiers and "texture modifiers" (Fonkwe et al., 2003). The addition of hydrocolloid materials may structurally interfere with the cross-linking required for protein gel network formation (Pérez-Mateos et al., 2001).In this context, this study aimed to study the influence of animal fat substitution by vegetal fat on mortadella-type products formulated with alginate, guar gum in terms of fatty acid composition, sensory characteristics and oxidative stability of lipids. The effectiveness of the quantification of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBA-RS) using conventional (spectrophotometric) and HPLC methods was also evaluated. Materials and Methods MaterialsThe commercial vegetal fat, alginate, guar gum, condiments and other additives were donated by local companies (São Paulo, Brazil). The beef meat was acquired from a local slaughterhouse (São Paulo, Brazil) and the animal fat (pork back fat, pork fat trim) and pork meat were donated by a local slaughterhouse

This study aimed to assess the influence of lamb finishing systems on zootechnical performance, as well as on carcass and meat quality. The experiment was conducted at the APTA’s experimental farm. Thirty-three lambs were used – both sexes, initial age of 90 ± 3 days, Texel with Santa Inês, each animal being one experimental unit, with 6 males and 5 females per treatment. Treatments consisted of: lambs finished on pasture, in semi-feedlot or in feedlot. The lambs were slaughtered with average live weight of 35 kg. Weight gain and carcass measures were taken by ultrasound. After slaughter, carcass conformation and yield, pH, temperature, color, water retention capacity and tenderness were measured. Animals finished on pasture had lower weight gain, were slaughtered at an older age, with lighter carcass weight, smaller loin area, lower shank compactness index, besides lighter shoulder and shank weights, compared to the other production systems (p < 0.05). There was no difference between the semi-feedlot and the feedlot systems for the assessed characteristics. In conclusion, production systems affect animal performance, as well as carcass and meat quality, especially when it comes to important production aspects, such as slaughter age and yield of premium cuts.

RESUMOForam utilizados 36 cordeiros machos inteiros, 24 da raça Santa Inês (SI) e 12 da raça Bergamácia (BE), distribuídos aleatoriamente nos grupos de peso ao abate de 15, 25, 35 e 45kg. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a composição centesimal, composição em ácidos graxos por cromatografia gasosa e colesterol por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência no músculo longissimus dorsi (LD). Os parâmetros estudados foram submetidos à análise de regressão. O teor de umidade diminuiu, enquanto que a fração de lipídeos aumentou linearmente com o aumento do peso de abate, e o conteúdo de cinza permaneceu constante. A raça BE apresentou maior umidade e menor teor de lipídeos no músculo LD do que a SI. O conteúdo de colesterol foi similar em ambas as raças, mas diminuiu linearmente com o aumento do peso de abate. Foram identificados 12 ácidos graxos e os resultados indicaram que o C16:0 aumentou linearmente com o aumento do peso. O C18:0 diminuiu linearmente nos cordeiros SI e ajustou-se através de equação quadrática nos BE, com ponto máximo no peso do animal de 35kg. A porcentagem total de ácidos graxos saturados foi semelhante para todos os pesos ao abate e raças, com média de 43,6±2,5%. O C18:1ω9 e o total de ácidos graxos monoinsaturados foram maiores na raça SI e em ambas as raças aumentaram linearmente com o aumento do peso. O total de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados das duas raças teve sua quantidade decrescida com o aumento do peso ao abate, sendo que os dados da raça SI ajustaram-se através de equação exponencial e da raça BE, por equação linear. Palavras-chave: ovelha; colesterol; ácidos graxos; longissimus dorsi. -INTRODUÇÃOA carne (100g/dia) é capaz de suprir a maior parte das exigências humanas diárias de proteínas e de áci-dos graxos essenciais. Por outro lado, é considerado um alimento com elevado teor de lipídios e ácidos graxos saturados, os quais estão associados ao aumento de níveis do colesterol plasmático, sendo estes relacionados à incidências de problemas cardiovasculares na população humana. Atualmente, os profissionais da saúde recomendam dietas com baixas calorias, baixo teor de gorduras saturadas e baixo colesterol a fim de reduzir os riscos de aterosclerose crônica [34,36].As raças ovinas Santa Inês e Bergamácia apresentam potencial para corte, são de grande porte, bastante prolíferas e adaptam-se com facilidade aos climas mais EFEITO DO PESO AO ABATE DE CORDEIROS SANTA INÊS E BERGAMÁCIA SOBRE O PERFIL DE ÁCIDOS GRAXOS, COLESTEROL E PROPRIEDADES QUÍMICAS SUMMARY EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT LAMB BREEDS AND THEIR SLAUGHTER WEIGHTS ON CHOLESTEROL, FATTY ACIDS AND PROXIMATECOMPOSITION. In the experiment, thirty-six entire male lambs were used, 24 of Santa Inês breed (SI) and 12 of Bergamácia breed (BE). At random six SI and three BE, which weighed 15kg at the beginning of the experiment, were slaughtered and the rest when they reached the slaughtering weights of 25, 35 and 45kgs. The objective of the study was to evaluate the basic chemical composition, the fatty acids by gas chromatography and choleste...