INTRODUÇÃO: O Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) assegura o acesso aos medicamentos, mediante a garantia da execução integral da Assistência Farmacêutica. A Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) desenvolveu os Indicadores do Uso de Medicamentos com o intuito de descrever e avaliar aspectos que afetam a prática farmacêutica nos centros de saúde. OBJETIVO: Conhecer a(s) classes terapêuticas mais prescritas, segundo os indicadores de prescrição médica nas Unidades de Saúde da Família (UBSF) do município de Campina Grande. MÉTODOS: O estudo baseou-se nos Indicadores de Prescrição de Medicamentos propostos pela OMS. Os medicamentos foram classificados segundo a Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification (ATC) e os dados analisados utilizando-se os programas EpiInfo 2000 e Excel. RESULTADOS: Foi prescrita uma média de 1,5 medicamentos por receita médica. A porcentagem de antibióticos prescritos foi de 21,1%. Os medicamentos foram prescritos pelo nome genérico em 84,2% das prescrições e apenas 1,1% eram injetáveis. Faziam parte da lista de medicamentos padronizados 91,9% dos prescritos. O grupo farmacológico mais prescrito foi o de antibióticos (21,0%), seguido dos antiparasitários (18,4%), analgésicos e antipiréticos (15,4%), medicamentos para o aparelho digestivo (9,5%) e respiratório (9,2%). CONCLUSÕES: Percebe-se a importância de conhecer as principais demandas da comunidade, a fim de que os serviços possam planejar e realizar intervenções pertinentes às necessidades da população. Os indicadores apresentaram bons índices, demonstrando possível conseqüência da Política Nacional de Medicamentos e da realização da Conferência Municipal de Medicamentos e Assistência Farmacêutica.

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Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 25 (2015) 208-211 w w w . s b f g n o s i a . o r g . b r / r e v i s t a a b s t r a c tThe aim of this work was to develop and validate an analytical method for the identification of the chemical marker of Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl., Anacardiaceae. It would determine the total polyphenols and flavonoid content by spectrophotometric methodology in the dried extract of plant. The chromatographic profiles of S. brasiliensis were determined using HPLC-UV. The liquid chromatography method was conducted on a Phenomenex Gemini NX C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 m). The mobile phase consisted of 0.05% orthophosphoric acid: methanol. The flow rate was 1 ml/min and effluents were monitored at 271 nm. The retention time for gallic acid was 8.5 min. The described method has the advantage of being both rapid and easy. Hence it can be applied for routine quality control analysis of herbal preparation containing S. brasiliensis.

The aim of the present study was to perform an in vitro analysis of the antimicrobial and antiproliferative potential of an extract from Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan (angico) and chemically characterize the crude extract. Antimicrobial action was evaluated based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration, and the inhibition of formation to oral biofilm. Cell morphology was determined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Six strains of tumor cells were used for the determination of antiproliferative potential. The extract demonstrated strong antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 18804 (MIC = 0.031 mg/mL), with similar activity found regarding the ethyl acetate fraction. The extract and active fraction also demonstrated the capacity to inhibit the formation of Candida albicans to oral biofilm after 48 hours, with median values equal to or greater than the control group, but the difference did not achieve statistical significance (P > 0.05). SEM revealed alterations in the cell morphology of the yeast. Regarding antiproliferative activity, the extract demonstrated cytostatic potential in all strains tested. The present findings suggest strong antifungal potential for Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan as well as a tendency toward diminishing the growth of human tumor cells.

Dental pathologies can be caused by plaque-forming bacteria and yeast, which reside in the oral cavity. The bacteria growing in dental plaque, a naturally occurring biofilm, display increased resistance to antimicrobial agents. The objective was the evaluation of a preclinical assay of medicinal plants of the semiarid region from the northeast against oral pathogenic microorganism, aiming at bioprospecting a new product. The selection of plant material for this study was based on the ethnobotanical data on the traditional use of plants from the semiarid region. The thirty extracts were subjected to the determination of antibiofilm activity against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and yeast. The hydroalcoholic extract which showed positive antibiofilm activity against most of the microorganisms tested in agar diffusion assay was further tested for the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Bioassay with Artemia salina. Plant samples tested in this study exhibited good antibiofilm activity for the treatment of oral problems. The Schinopsis brasiliensis showed greater activity for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, but toxicity against Artemia salina.

Ertapenem sodium is a polar and ionizable compound; therefore, it has little retention on traditional C18 columns in reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, even using a highly-aqueous mobile phase that can result in dewetting in the stationary phase. Thus, the most coherent process for ERTM is to develop a method for Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography. However, for the traditional methods in HILIC, the use of a highly organic mobile phase is necessary; usually an amount exceeding 80% acetonitrile is necessary. On the other hand, the RP-HPLC mode is considered for the analysis technique, which is more often used for quantification of substances, and new columns are often introduced to analyze different groups of compounds. Two new analytical methods have been developed for routine analysis. The proposed chromatographic method was adequate and advantageous by presenting simplicity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, detection limits, and satisfactory quantification. Analytical methods are constantly undergoing changes and improvements. Researchers worldwide are rapidly adopting Green Chemistry. The development of new pharmaceutical methods based in Green chemistry has been encouraged by universities and the pharmaceutical industry. Issues related to green chemistry are in evidence and they have been featured in international journals of high impact. The methods described here have economic advantages and they feature an eco-friendly focus, which is discussed in this work. This work was developed with an environmental conscience, always looking to minimize the possible generated organic waste. Therefore, discussion on this aspect is included.

The aim of this systematic review was to investigate whether the use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as an adjuvant to scaling and root planning (SRP) yields better results than SRP alone or associated with systemic antibiotics in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis (AgP). A meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statements and Cochrane Collaboration recommendations. The search for relevant studies (earliest record to January 2015) was carried out in seven databases, followed by a manual search. Methodological quality assessment of the studies selected was based on an analysis of the risk of bias. At each time point of follow-up, the existence of significant differences (p < 0.05) in clinical attachment level (CAL) gain and probing depth (PD) reduction (primary outcomes) between groups was assessed with RevMan software 5.0. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed by the Higgin test (I (2)). Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) satisfied the eligibility criteria of this review. Only one study was found to have a low risk of bias. There were no significant differences in PD reduction (mean difference 0.33, 95 % confidence interval -0.32 to 0.98, p = 0.32) and CAL gain (mean difference 0.20, 95 % confidence interval -0.41 to 0.81, p = 0.53) between the test and control interventions. At present, therefore, when compared to SRP alone or associated with systemic antibiotics, the evidence suggests that the association of aPDT + SRP is of no additional benefit in the nonsurgical treatment of AgP.

Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) LP Queiroz (Fabaceae) is an endemic tree of northeastern Brazil, occurring mainly in the Caatinga. Its medicinal use is widespread and is an important therapeutic option against diarrhea, dysentery, and respiratory and urinary infections, among other diseases. In this study we determined the chemical marker and evaluated the interaction between P. pyramidalis extract and a commercial antimicrobial through the use of biological and analytical models. To obtain the extract, an ethanol-water mixture (50:50 v/v) was used as solvent. It was nebulized in a spray dryer using colloidal silicon dioxide as a drying adjuvant. The extract (ENPp) was subjected to HPLC analysis to verify the presence of certain secondary metabolites. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extract against Gram-negative bacteria was determined by broth microdilution and the MIC of synthetic antimicrobial drugs in the presence and absence of the extract. The antioxidant activity of ENPp was evaluated by the DPPH method. The compatibility between the antimicrobial and the extract was evaluated by thermal analysis (TG/DTA). The acute toxicity of the extract was evaluated in vivo in rodents. The results indicate significant additive action of the extract on synthetic antibiotics, considerable antioxidant activity and absence of toxicity. This extract shows high potential for the development of formulations for antimicrobial therapy when used with a vegetable-active ingredient.