RP-HPLC×HILIC chromatography for quantifying ertapenem sodium with a look at green chemistry

Abstract

Ertapenem sodium is a polar and ionizable compound; therefore, it has little retention on traditional C18 columns in reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, even using a highly-aqueous mobile phase that can result in dewetting in the stationary phase. Thus, the most coherent process for ERTM is to develop a method for Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography. However, for the traditional methods in HILIC, the use of a highly organic mobile phase is necessary; usually an amount exceeding 80% acetonitrile is necessary. On the other hand, the RP-HPLC mode is considered for the analysis technique, which is more often used for quantification of substances, and new columns are often introduced to analyze different groups of compounds. Two new analytical methods have been developed for routine analysis. The proposed chromatographic method was adequate and advantageous by presenting simplicity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, detection limits, and satisfactory quantification. Analytical methods are constantly undergoing changes and improvements. Researchers worldwide are rapidly adopting Green Chemistry. The development of new pharmaceutical methods based in Green chemistry has been encouraged by universities and the pharmaceutical industry. Issues related to green chemistry are in evidence and they have been featured in international journals of high impact. The methods described here have economic advantages and they feature an eco-friendly focus, which is discussed in this work. This work was developed with an environmental conscience, always looking to minimize the possible generated organic waste. Therefore, discussion on this aspect is included.

Evolution of green chemistry and its multidimensional impacts: A review

“…Lack of knowledge, negligence of consequences, ease and/or accommodation? (Tótoli and Salgado, 2014, Pedroso et al, 2016, Spagnol et al, 2016, Rodrigues and Salgado, 2016, Figueiredo et al, 2017, Kogawa et al, 2017, Marco and Salgado, 2017).…”

Greening Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Methods Using Alternative Solvents for Pharmaceutical Analysis

“…Green RP-HPLC methods using ethanol-based mobile phases have been widely reported for the analysis of drugs in pharmaceutical formulations [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ], as well as in biological samples [ 55 , 56 ] ( Table 1 ). For example, a HPLC/diode-array detector (DAD) method using EtOH as the organic solvent in the mobile phase and an octadecyl-grafted silica column, was developed and validated by our team for the analysis of statins (i.e., pravastatin, fluvastatin, and atorvastatin in high concentrated EtOH/water solutions) [ 42 ].…”

Green Analytical Method for Quantification of Secnidazole in Tablets by HPLC-Uv

“…In this method, 8 assays are performed. The assays are performed separately to determine the effects of variation of 7 different steps (19,21,28,(35)(36)(37). Table 2 shows the variations performed.…”

“…Nowadays, green analytical methods are relevant and advantageous to industries because it brings less environmental impacts, low analytical costs and higher operator safety. That is why there are many validated physical-chemical and microbiological methods for drugs quantification that apply the concept of green analytical chemistry to help in the environmental preservation, following the same line of this work in cases of HLPC methods that use ethanol and water in the mobile phase (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). In the case of HPLC analysis, the use of ethanol instead of solvents such as methanol and acetonitrile reduces the toxicity to the analyst and generates less waste to the environment.…”