Besides powerful antioxidant activity, increasing collagen production and prevention of premature aging, caffeic acid has demonstrated antimicrobial activity and may be promising in the treatment of dermal diseases.

The growing process of industrialization was a milestone for world economic evolution. Since the 1940s, social movements have revolutionized green chemistry and provided shifts in industrial positions and sustainable processes with advances in environmental impact and awareness of companies and population. Paul Anastas and John Warner, in the 1990s, postulated the 12 principles of Green Chemistry, which are based on the minimization or non-use of toxic solvents in chemical processes and analyzes, as well as, the non-generation of residues from these processes. One of the most active areas of Research and Development in Green Chemistry is the development of analytical methodologies, giving rise to the so-called Green Analytical Chemistry. The impacts of green chemistry on pharmaceutical analyzes, environmental, population, analyst and company are described in this review and they are multidimensional. Every choice and analytical attitude has consequences both in the final product and in everything that surrounds it. The future of green chemistry as well as our future and the environment is also contemplated in this work.

Gallic acid (3,4,5 trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a secondary metabolite present in most plants. This metabolite is known to exhibit a range of bioactivities including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. There are various methods to analyze gallic acid including spectrometry, chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis, among others. They have been developed to identify and quantify this active ingredient in most biological matrices. The aim of this article is to review the available information on analytical methods for gallic acid, as well as presenting the advantages and limitations of each technique.

The spread of multidrug resistance among bacterial pathogens poses a serious threat to public health worldwide. Recent approaches towards combating antimicrobial resistance include repurposing old compounds with known safety and development pathways as new antibacterial classes with novel mechanisms of action. Here we show that an analog of the anticoccidial drug robenidine (4,6-bis(2-((E)-4-methylbenzylidene)hydrazinyl)pyrimidin-2-amine; NCL195) displays potent bactericidal activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus by disrupting the cell membrane potential. NCL195 was less cytotoxic to mammalian cell lines than the parent compound, showed low metabolic degradation rates by human and mouse liver microsomes, and exhibited high plasma concentration and low plasma clearance rates in mice. NCL195 was bactericidal against Acinetobacter spp and Neisseria meningitidis and also demonstrated potent activity against A. baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and polymyxin B. These findings demonstrate that NCL195 represents a new chemical lead for further medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical development to enhance potency, solubility and selectivity against serious bacterial pathogens.

RESUMO:Atualmente, as plantas medicinais movem altos valores financeiros em todo o mundo e representam o tipo de tratamento mais acessível para cerca de 80% da população, principalmente entre os países em desenvolvimento. Entretanto, existe ainda uma falta de conhecimento sobre propriedades químicas, farmacológicas e toxicológicas a fim de assegurar a eficácia e segurança das plantas medicinais. Os critérios de eficácia e segurança de plantas medicinais estão relacionados a qualidade, isto é, as plantas necessitam ser corretamente identificadas, cultivadas e coletadas, devem estar livres de material estranho, partes de outras plantas e contaminações inorgânicas e/ ou microbianas. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de elucidar os diferentes processos e padronizações sobre o controle de drogas vegetais, principalmente no Brasil.Unitermos: Plantas medicinais, fitoquímica, controle de qualidade.ABSTRACT: "Brazil in the context of plants and derivates quality control". Nowadays medicinal plants move high financial values at the world and represent a type of treatment more accessible for about 80% of people, mainly among developing countries. However, there is a lack of knowledge about chemical, pharmacological and toxicological properties towards ensure their efficacy and safety. Efficacy and safety criteria of medicinal plants are related to quality, that is, the plants need to be correctly identified, cultivated and harvested, they must be free of strange material, part of other plants and inorganic and/or microorganisms contamination. The aim of this study was to elucidate different process and standardizations about quality control of vegetal drugs mainly in Brazil. ISSN 0102-695X Keywords INTRODUÇÃOPor longos períodos na história, o uso de plantas medicinais foi presente não só devido ao seu caráter alimentar, mas também às suas propriedades de cura, sejam elas reais ou ritualísticas. Entretanto, até a metade do século XX, o uso de medicamentos de origem sintética tornou-se mais amplo que o uso de plantas medicinais, principalmente na sociedade ocidental, com destaque para os países desenvolvidos visto que os considerados países em desenvolvimento permaneceram fazendo uso das propriedades curativas das plantas, certamente devido às difíceis condições econômicas de aquisição dos medicamentos sintéticos

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An accurate, sensitive, precise and rapid gradient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was successfully developed and validated for the determination of doxycycline hyclate in bulk drug and tablets. The best separation was achieved on a 250 × 4.6 mm, 5.0 µm particle size CN Luna column with water + 0.1% TFA-acetonitrile + 0.1% TFA, 60:40 (v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Ultraviolet detection was performed at 360 nm at ambient column temperature (25°C). The method was linear over the concentration range of 50-100 µg/mL (r = 0.9999) with limits of detection and quantification of 2.83 and 8.59 µg/mL, respectively. The drug was subjected to oxidation, acid, base and neutral degradation, photolysis and heat as stress conditions. Degradation products were found interfering with the assay of doxycycline hyclate, therefore the method can be regarded as suitable. The method was applied for the determination of doxycycline hyclate in standard and pharmaceutical products, with excellent recoveries. The method can be used for the quality control of doxycycline hyclate.

RESUMO:A utilização de agrotóxicos tem contribuído para o aumento da produção agrícola, entretanto, o uso incorreto e indiscriminado durante várias décadas levou à acumulação de resíduos tóxicos em alimentos, contaminação da água e do solo, intoxicação de produtores rurais, seleção de pragas resistentes, entre muitos outros problemas. Ultimamente tem crescido o interesse por substâncias que apresentem menor risco à saúde humana e ao ambiente, além da demanda crescente por produtos alimentícios saudáveis e isentos de resíduos de agrotóxicos. Felizmente são inúmeras as plantas que apresentam atividade inseticida, devendo ser estudadas e introduzidas, quando possível, nas propriedades agrícolas como forma alternativa de controle de pragas. Neste trabalho, é apresentada revisão sobre o uso de plantas com propriedades inseticidas e repelentes, evidenciando o potencial dessa ferramenta no manejo de pragas. Para a inserção definitiva e segura de produtos botânicos no mercado, mais estudos ainda são necessários. Palavras-chave: plantas, atividade inseticida, ação repelenteABSTRACT: Insecticidal activities of plants and applications: a review. The use of pesticides has contributed to the increased agricultural production; however, the incorrect and indiscriminate use over several decades has led to the accumulation of toxic residues in food, contamination of water and soil, poisoning of farmers, selection of resistant pests, besides several other problems. Lately, the interest for substances posing lower risk to the human health and the environment has increased, in addition to the increasing demand for healthy food products free from pesticide residues. Fortunately a large number of plants have insecticidal activity and should be studied and introduced, whenever possible, into farms as an alternative means to control pests. In this study, a review of the use of plants with insecticidal or repellent potential is presented, evidencing the potential of this tool in pest management. For a definitive and safe insertion of botanical products into the market further studies are still needed.