There are no records in Brazil for the culture of Pteridae family oysters, genus Pteria and Pinctada. The intermediate culture can be considered one of the critical stages during the oyster farming. The changes in life conditions from a semi-closed environment provided by the collector to the structures utilized for the growth represents a considerable stress factor to which the animals are subjected. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the growth and survival of the pearl oyster Pteria hirundo (Linnaeus, 1758) kept in intermediate lanterns. Seeds of P. hirundo, obtained through larviculture carried out at the Marine Molluscs Laboratory (UFSC), southern Brazil were detached from the collectors, transferred and kept in an intermediate culture system (oyster lantern). During 6 months, growth (dorsoventral height -DVH in mm) and survival (%) were evaluated. Two size classes were tested: medium (M), between 3.4 and 4.4 mm, and large (L), bigger than 4.5 mm. The density of occupation in each floor of the lantern was 50%. At the end of the experiment, the survivals observed were 90 and 94% for the sizes M and L, respectively. Medium juveniles of Pteria hirundo had an average (Std) increase of 16.1 (±4.38) mm in the dorso-ventral height, and large juveniles an average increase of 11.4 (±3.77) mm after six months of experiment. The results observed during the intermediate stage of cultivation indicate that Pteria hirundo presents survival and growth similar to other species of pearl oysters traditionally used in the pearl industry in several countries. Palavras-chave: ostra perlífera, crescimento, sobrevivência, cultivo intermediário, Pteria hirundo. Keywords
Salminus brasiliensis is a migratory fish that has
ABSTRACT. Experiments were conducted to improve the fertilization rate of cryopreserved semen of dourado, Salminus brasiliensis. The experiment tested two cryoprotectant solutions at different semen: cryoprotectant ratios (1:5, 1:15, 1:25 and 1:50). The standard solution for the species (mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide, glucose, egg yolk and distilled water) was compared to a 350 mOsm ACP ® -104 solution, which is composed of powdered coconut water diluted in distilled water and methylglycol. Differences between the dilutions tested were significant only for ACP ® . The fertilization potential by using the standard solution at the lowest dilution (1:5) is equated when the sperm is diluted in ACP ® at 1:25 or 1:50. These results show that the standard solution is the most suitable for the cryopreservation of dourado sperm, since the dilution did not alter the fertilization rate, requiring smaller storage space. Os resultados apontam que a solução padrão é mais vantajosa para a criopreservação de sêmen do dourado, uma vez que a variação da diluição do sêmen não altera a taxa de fertilização, requerendo, assim, menor espaço para armazenamento das amostras.Palavras-chave: criopreservação, esperma, fertilização; crioprotetor, água de coco.
The dourado, Salminus brasiliensis, is an important fish in South American river basins. The fish‐farming potential and concerns for its conservation in watersheds has stimulated studies with this species. This study compared the effect of different dilutions of two cryoprotectant solutions on the quality of cryopreserved dourado sperm (duration of motility/motility rate) post‐thawing using three different activating solutions. The cryoprotectant solution ACP‐104 was compared with the cryoprotectant solution most commonly used for dourado, which consists of a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide, glucose, egg yolk, and distilled water. The semen was mixed following dilutions of semen : cryoprotectant solution: 1:3, 1:9, 1:15, 1:21, and 1:27. The cryopreserved samples were activated using distilled water, 0.45% NaCl or 1% NaHCO3. The results showed differences in thawed semen using the different activating solutions and cryoprotectant solutions. The glucose‐based cryoprotectant not only resulted in sperm motility equal to or better than that produced by ACP‐104, but the quality was not affected by the dilution. However, the sperm quality improved with increasing dilutions for ACP‐104. Under the conditions tested, the standard cryoprotectant solution is recommended for the cryopreservation of dourado semen because it requires a lower solution volume and, therefore, reduced storage space for the same volume of semen.
Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy among women. Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil, known as yerba mate, is widely consumed in southern Brazil as a hot infusion drink known as chimarrão. This herb has a complex chemical composition and is rich in antioxidants, which may interfere in the course of chronic inflammatory diseases as breast cancer. This study investigated the impact of chimarrão consumption on the clinicopathological profile of women with breast cancer attended at Francisco Beltrão Cancer Hospital, Paraná, Brazil. Blood antioxidants and caffeine profiles were assessed. Decreases in reduced glutathione and metallothionein levels, and increase in catalase activity were observed among breast cancer patients that were chimarrão consumers. The levels of circulating caffeine in breast cancer patients with luminal A tumors were higher than those in patients with luminal B and HER‐2 subtypes. Furthermore, overweight patients presented higher caffeine levels than the eutrophic ones. It was found positive associations between chimarrão intake and high body mass index, and chimarrão intake and menopause at diagnosis. Altogether, these findings suggest that chimarrão consumption affects the blood antioxidants of breast cancer patients, and that the caffeine present in this mixture may favor the development of tumor of good prognosis. Highlights Chimarrão consumption may affect the course of chronic inflammatory diseases, as breast cancer. Chimarrão intake changed blood antioxidants in breast cancer patients who were current consumers when compared to the non‐consumers ones. High levels of caffeine were detected in patients bearing luminal A tumors, suggesting a protective role.
Alterações bioquímicas podem ser usadas como biomarcadores. Entretanto, medições bioquímicas são afetadas não só por poluição e podem ser espécie-específicas. Assim, já que nosso objetivo foi buscar alterações de atividades enzimáticas causadas por agrotóxicos no peixe dourado, Salminus brasiliensis, precisamos primeiramente estabelecer atividades enzimáticas basais, no inverno e no verão. Depois, exemplares de dourado foram expostos a agrotóxicos. Um inseticida com o princípio ativo triflumurom foi testado a 0,1 ppm na água. Em outro experimento um herbicida com glifosato foi acrescentado na água para 1,5 ppm. Foram testados tempos de exposição de 4 e 24 horas. Um grupo controle foi mantido sem nenhuma exposição. Duas atividades com substratos específicos para isoenzimas do P-450 foram ensaiadas por fluorescência nos microssomos hepáticos. Uma foi com o substrato 7-etoxicumarina (ECOD) e outro com a 7-etoxirresorufina (EROD). O ensaio da ECOD apresentou valores pelo menos dez vezes maiores do que o da EROD. A atividade da ECOD teve uma elevação no inverno quando comparada ao verão. A atividade da carboxilesterase (CaE) foi ensaiada no soro e na fração dos microssomos do fígado utilizando como substrato o 4nitrofenilacetato pelo aparecimento do para-nitrofenol durante um minuto no meio reacional. A atividade de CaE nos microssomos do fígado dos dourados foi 0,22 ± 0,07 µmol.min -1 .mg -1 . A atividade de CaE no soro atingiu valores de 6,96 ± 3,71 µmol.min -1 .mL -1 . Não foi verificada diferença sazonal nos níveis da CaE. Dourados expostos ao triflumurom ou ao glifosato tiveram níveis estatisticamente mais elevados de CaE no soro. Não foi verificada diferença significativa na atividade de CaE e de P-450 na fração dos microssomos do fígado comparando o grupo controle com os expostos. As atividades da CaE nos microssomos do fígado e no soro são claramente detectáveis, sendo que o método com uso de soro é vantajoso por ser rápido e por preservar a vida do animal. As atividades enzimáticas hepáticas ensaiadas no verão foram diferentes das do inverno. Assim, não se deve ensaiar atividades de mono-oxigenases e esterases do fígado do dourado como biomarcadoras sem atentar para o nível basal da estação do ano em que se processarem os bioensaios.
A tendência proposta para a educação brasileira apoia o uso de diferentes instrumentos didáticos para o ensino, sendo que, exposições mediadas, além de serem uma forma de divulgação científica, podem servir para alunos assimilarem conhecimentos de forma multidisciplinar. Para testar esta hipótese e visando ampliar a divulgação de atividades científicas realizadas no Continente Antártico, foi instalada na UVA, a exposição mediada “O Brasil na Antártica”. A exposição recebeu 202 alunos do Ensino Médio, que responderam a um questionário sobre a Antártica, sendo dividido em grupos de respostas antes e após a mediação. Também foi mantido um perfil no Facebook® para divulgar a exposição. A comparação das respostas demonstrou aumento na porcentagem de acertos após a mediação para a maioria das questões. O uso da exposição mediada como instrumento didático se mostrou uma forma válida de complementar os conteúdos vistos em sala de aula.
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