Background: Damage to bone tissue resulting from tooth extraction will cause alveolar bone resorption. Therefore, a material for preserving alveolar sockets capable of maintaining bone is required. Hydroxyapatite Gypsum Puger (HAGP) is a bio-ceramic material that can be used as an alternative material for alveolar socket preservation. The porous and rough surface of HAGP renders it a good medium for osteoblast cells to penetrate and attach themselves to. In general, bone mass is regulated through a remodeling process consisting of two phases, namely; bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. Purpose: This research aims to identify the effects of HAGP scaffold application on the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, as well as on the width of trabecular bone area in the alveolar sockets of rats. Methods: This research used Posttest Only Control Group Design. There were three research groups, namely: a group with 2.5% HAGP scaffold, a group with 5% HAGP scaffold and a group with 10% HAGP scaffold. The number of samples in each group was six. HAGP scaffold at concentrations of 2.5%, 5% and 10% was then mixed with PEG (Polyethylene Glycol). The Wistar rats were anesthetized intra-muscularly with 100 mg/ml of ketamine and 20 mg/ml of xylazine base at a ratio of 1:1 with a dose of 0.08-0.2 ml/kgBB. Extraction of the left mandibular incisor was performed before 0.1 ml preservation of HAGP scaffold + PEG material was introduced into the extraction sockets and suturing was performed. 7 days after preparation of the rat bone tissue, an Hematoxilin Eosin staining process was conducted in order that observation under a microscope could be performed. Results: There were significant differences in both the number of osteoclasts and osteoblasts between the 2.5% HAGP group, the 5% HAGP group and the 10% HAGP group (p = 0.000). Similarly, significant differences in the width of the trabecular bone area existed between the 5% HAGP group and the 10% HAGP group, as well as between the 2.5% HAGP group and the 10% HAGP group (p=0.000). In contrast, there was no significant difference in the width of the trabecular bone area between the 2.5% HAGP group and the 5% HAGP group. Conclusion: The application of HAGP scaffold can reduce osteoclasts, increase osteoblasts and extend the trabecular area in the alveolar bone sockets of rats.
Background: Cases of bone damage in the oral cavity are high, up to 70% of which consist of cases of fracture, tooth extraction, tumor, and mandibular resection. The high number of cases of bone damage will cause the need for bone graft material to increase. The bone graft material that we have developed is a combination of hydroxyapatite gypsum puger (HAGP) and tapioca starch (TS) scaffold. Purpose: This study analyzes the physical characterization and tissue inflammatory response of the combination of HAGP+TS as a scaffold for bone graft material. Methods: Eighteen Wistar rats were used. HAGP+TS were installed into the molar 1 socket for 7 and 14 days. First, HAGP was evaluated using XRF and SEM before setting up the in vivo experiment. A blood sample was drawn and then tested for TNF-α levels using ELISA. Results: The XRF revealed that the main constituents of hydroxyapatite were Ca and P. Next, SEM characterization on the HAGP+TS showed an average pore size of 112.42 µm2, which is beneficial for cell activity to grow as new bone tissue. In addition, TNF-α on days 7 and 14 on the HAGP+TS scaffold did not elicit an inflammatory response. Conclusion: The combination of HAGP+TS contains a high amount of Ca and also has excellent interconnectivity between pores. It also does not trigger an inflammatory response in the tissue; therefore, it is a good candidate as an alternative bone graft material.
Background:
Inflammation is a mechanism or reaction of the natural immune system to defend from external hazards. All foreign objects that enter the body will trigger an immune response in the form of antibodies. In Indonesia, the prevalence of diseases that involve the inflammatory process in the body is high. Freeze-dried hydroxyapatite gypsum puger (HAGP) scaffold is a gypsum powder which is currently under development as a bone replacement material. Freeze-dried hydroxyapatite bovine (HAB) scaffold is a bone substitute material available on the market.
Objective:
To analyze the inflammatory and immunogenic responses in the tissue after application of freeze-dried HAGP scaffold compared to freeze-dried HAB scaffold through mediators of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in rats.
Materials and Methods:
This study used Wistar rats. HAGP group and HAB group were applied subcutaneously, settled for 7 and 14 days, then the levels of TNF-α and IgG were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analysis was done using nonparametric test with the Kruskal–Wallis test.
Results:
TNF-α levels at day 7 in the HAGP group were nearly equal to the control group, while those in the HAB group were higher. Statistically, the significance was
P
= 0.184 (
P
> 0.05). At the 14
th
day, the level of IgG on the HAGP and HAB groups the level was higher than the control group, statistically it was found
P
= 0.127.
Conclusion:
freeze-dried HAGP scaffold compared to freeze-dried HAB scaffold did not cause inflammatory and immunogenic response on rats through mediators of TNF-α and IgG.
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