Produksi pertanian terutama pangan dan hortikultura (sayur) oleh petani di Pulau Ternate menyesuaikan dengan ketersediaan lahan sesuai karakteristik kepulauan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik lahan dan jenis tanaman serta pendapatan budidaya tanaman pangan dan sayur dibawah tegakan tanaman perkebunan. Penelitian dilakukan di lapangan melalui pengamatan, wawancara dan kuesioner selanjutnya dilakukan analisis deskriptif untuk melihat peluang pengembangan usahatani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 53 % lahan pertanian budidaya tanaman pangan dan sayur dilakukan pada bentuk lahan perbukitan dengan kemiringan lereng 3-8 (landai) ; 28% pada kemiringan lereng 8-15% (agak landai) dan hanya 9 % petani Kota Ternate mengusahakan tanaman pangan dan sayur pada lahan 0-3% (datar sampai agak datar). Jenis tanaman yang dibudidayakan secara tumpang sari dan sistem gilir adalah jenis sayuran petola, mentimun, kacang panjang (Paket I); Sayur kangkung cabut dan bayam (paket II); Tomat dan cabe (paket III) dan kacang tanah, jagung (paket IV); campuran sayur lilin, terong, pepaya dan pisang burung (paket V). Tanaman paket I lebih banyak diusahakan (44%), sedangkan peluang usaha berdasarkan harga dan permintaan konsumen adalah tanaman paket II (kangkung cabut dan bayam). Nilai rasio R/C dan rasio B/C usaha tani tanaman pangan dan hortikultura (sayuran) paket I sampai paket V di kebun cengkeh dan pala adalah >1, artinya menguntungkan untuk dikembangbangkan pada usaha tani petani kepulauan.
<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Effect of Source Rocks and Soil Chemical Towards Land Fertility Potential in Sula Kepulauan District, North Maluku Province.</em></strong><em> </em><em>The study</em><em> aimed to determine the condition of soil fertility potential. Parameters used as the basis of assessment of potential fertility of the soil were the type of </em><em>main rock, weathering processes and mineral content of the native rock while chemically research was emphased on organic matter content, soil pH, CEC, base saturity and essential nutrients (N, P, K). General lithology in the study area </em><em>were grouped </em><em>into rocks and rock volkan sediman. Aluvio-marine sedimentary rocks and aluvio-collovium were deposition materials from a variety of rocks in the study contain</em><em>ed a number of nutrients and organic matter. Meanhile volkan rocks included basalt and andesite-granidiorit neutral to alkaline</em><em>. Contain</em><em>ed elements that produced fertile lands both physically and chemically. Based on the analysis, the average soil</em><em> was classified as slightly acid (pH 5.6). The lower layers of soil reaction on average relatively</em><em> was acidic (pH 5.1). Soil organic matter in the form of organic-C showed the top layer of a low average (1.58%), whilst the layer below average </em><em>was very low (0.83%). CEC soil layers above and below the average were moderate (20.66 me/100 g) and (19.6 me/100 g). Base saturations (KB) to these two layers of soil on top and below the average were</em><em> classified as moderate (55%) and (51%). Levels of nitrogen (N-total) topsoil with layers below average </em><em>are low</em><em> valued (0.18%) and (0.11%). Classified as very low, phosporus level in both layers were above the average which were 5.40 ppm and 3.10 ppm respectively. Potassiums were very low in the second layer of 5.13 mg/100 g and 3.81 mg/100 g. The parameters used to assess soil fertility status were CEC, KB, P2O5 which were extracted with HCl 25%, and K2O was extracted with HCl 25% and C-organic soil. Potential assessment of soil fertility status based on lithology and soil chemistry acquired the status of soil fertility was low.</em><em></em></p><p><strong>Key</strong><strong>words</strong>:<em> </em><em>potential soil fertility, maint rock, chemical</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p>Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi kesuburan tanah potensial. Parameter yang dijadikan dasar penilaian potensi kesuburan tanah adalah jenis, proses pelapukan, dan kandungan mineral batuan induk sedangkan secara kimia penelitian ditekankan pada kandungan bahan organik, pH tanah, KTK, KB, dan unsur hara esensial (N, P, K). Secara umum litologi di wilayah studi dikelompokan ke dalam batuan sediman dan batuan volkan. Batuan sedimen aluvio-marine dan aluvio-koluvium merupakan bahan-bahan endapan dari berbagai batuan di wilayah studi yang banyak mengandung unsur hara dan bahan organik. Batuan volkan meliputi andesit-basal dan granidiorit bersifat netral sampai basa, mengandung unsur-unsur yang menghasilkan tanah-tanah subur baik secara fisik maupun kimia. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tanah pH rata-rata tergolong agak masam (pH 5,6). Lapisan bawah reaksi tanah rata-rata tergolong masam (pH 5,1). Bahan organik tanah dalam bentuk C-organik menunjukkan pada lapisan atas rata-rata rendah (1,58%), sementara lapisan bawah rata-rata sangat rendah (0,83%). KTK tanah lapisan atas maupun bawah rata-rata tergolong sedang (20,7 me/100 gram) dan (19,6 me/100 gram). Kejenuhan basa (KB) tanah pada keduan lapisan atas dan bawah rata-rata tergolong sedang yaitu (55%) dan (51%). Kadar nitrogen (N-total) tanah lapisan atas sama dengan lapisan bawah rata-rata tergolong rendah (0,18%) dan (0,11%). Kadar fosor (P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) tergolong sangat rendah, di kedua lapisan atas rata-rata sebesar 5,40 dan 3,10 me/100g. Unsur hara kalium (K<sub>2</sub>O) sangat rendah pada kedua lapisan 5,13 mg/100 gram dan 3,81 mg/100 gram. Parameter yang digunakan untuk menilai status kesuburan tanah yaitu KTK, KB, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> yang diesktrak dengan HCl 25%, sedangkan K<sub>2</sub>O diekstrak dengan HCl 25% dan C-organik tanah. Penilaian potensi status kesuburan tanah berdasarkan litologi dan kimia tanah diperoleh status kesuburan tanah tergolong rendah.</p><p><strong>Kata </strong><strong>k</strong><strong>unci: </strong><em>kesuburan tanah potensial, batuan induk, kimia</em></p><em></em>
Low soil health indicates poor productivity soil optimal for supporting agricultural businesses because it will reduce the production of agricultural commodities for vegetable crop farmers in Ternate City which are carried out under plantation crops. This study aims to determine the level of soil health of vegetable farms under clove plantations. Field observation methods and laboratory analysis were carried out to observe the characteristics of the land (soil and plants) which became the research variables. The drill and soil profile approach is used in observing and taking soil samples. Research data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by using a scale (scoring value) and then determined the level of soil health of agricultural land in the study location. Soil variables observed were physical properties (including soil morphology), chemical properties soil, and soil biological properties. The results showed that the level of soil health on vegetable farms under clove stands in Tobololo Village was in the medium (53-58%) and high (63-67%) classes. Soil health indicators which are variables that affect the decline in the value of soil health on vegetable farms under clove stands are C-organic, base saturation, total nitrogen, and available potassium. The provision of organic matter, nitrogen, and potassium fertilizers will increase base saturation as well as soil fertility and health.
Land needs for the development of the agricultural sector in East Tidore Subdistrict always increase along with the increasing population. Lack of understanding of land characteristics causes agricultural development is not based on the ability and carrying capacity of land. This can be seen from the increasingly widespread development of agriculture on steeply sloped forest lands (>45%) that have the potential to cause land damage. In order that that land can be used in an optimal, continual and sustainable manner, planning of land use is needed based on the capability and carrying capacity of the land. This research aims to evaluate the suitability of land use, determine the status of carrying capacity of land and determine the direction of land use based on the ability and carrying capacity of the environment in East Tidore Subdistrict. This research uses an analytical approach with free survey observation distance (free survey) combined with transects and boring observation types and pit profiles. The results of the research obtained six land capability classes in East Tidore Subdistrict, namely class III covering 650.2 ha (21.5%), class IV covering 1,060.8 ha (35.1%), class V covering 47.2 ha (1.6%), class VI covering 454.1 ha (15.0%), class VII covering 325.7 ha (10.8%) and class VIII covering 481.2 ha (15.9%). Land capability classes suitable for agricultural development (classes III and IV) are 1,711.0 ha (56.7%) and inappropriate (classes V, VI, VII and VIII) are 1,308.2 ha (43.3%). The use of existing agricultural plantations/mixed estates that are in accordance with the capability of land (class III and IV) covering 1,176.4 ha (39.0%) and not suitable (class V, VI, VII and VIII) covering 860.1 ha (28.5%), and the use of suitable moor/land area of 24.3 ha (0.8%) and unsuitable area of 28.9 ha (1.0%). The availability of land (SL) covers an area of 2,926 ha and the need for land equivalent to rice (DL) is 6,420 ha, where the land requirement has exceeded the carrying capacity of the land contained in East Tidore Subdistrict. The direction of land use for agricultural development in the Subdistrict of East Tidore covering an area of 2,300.1 ha (76.2%) consisting of the use of moor/land area of 7.8 ha (0.3%), mixed gardens covering 1,058.7 ha (35.1%) and agroforestry covering 1,233.6 ha (40.9%).
Indonesia has a diverse of new and renewable energy sources including biofuels. Biofuels are promising eco-friendly energy sources generated from biological raw materials. Biofuels can also be derived from the seeds of Capilong trees. However, the occurrence of Capilong trees in North Maluku has not been tapped to support a local economic income due to the lack of knowledge of the local community. The present study was undertaken with the aim at investigating the distribution and number of Capilong trees across Ternate Island. A field investigation using a census method was held to collect data on the number and distribution of Capilong trees while observing the following parameters: stage of growth, topography, rock materials and landforms. The findings revealed that Capilong trees are mostly occurred in a tree group, while the seedling population number was low. Interestingly, Capilong trees have demonstrated a natural characteristic that are tolerance to various topography, rock materials and landforms condition. It is therefore recommended to cultivate the plant through a community development program and classify the plant as a potential species that can be used for land rehabilitation programs.
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