The Aketajawe Lolobata National Park (ALNP) is a conservation area with avifauna diversity and abundant endemic species. It has the potential for birdwatching ecotourism development. This study aims to determine the diversity of avifauna and the potential for birdwatching ecotourism development at Ake Jawi Resort, ALNP. The method used in determining the species diversity was Variable Circular Plot (VCP) by making ten plots on the line of observation carried out in the morning and evening. Meanwhile, questionnaires and literature studies were used to determine the potential for birdwatching ecotourism development. The results showed that the diversity of avifauna species was high with a value of H ' = 3.59. Birdwatching ecotourism has the potential to be developed because it has a high variety of bird species, abundance of endemic birds, and has several interesting bird species in terms of morphology, sound, and conservation status. The development of birdwatching ecotourism potential is also supported by good public acceptance. The implication of the development of birdwatching ecotourism potential that can be undertaken is creating an interpretation path.

Ngade Lake is surrounded by steep cliffs with a very high level of erosion insecurity with a very steep slope > 45% without sloping edges and no outlets. In the upstream region the water catchment area of Ngade Lake is dominated by land use in the form of coconut and nutmeg plantations. This study aims to examine the form of land evaluation strategy to maintain forest function from erosion threat in the area of Ngade Lake water catchment with agroforestry management pattern. The method used in this research was a quantitative descriptive method using field surveys to collect data on the characteristics of the land that is assisted by secondary data from various literature. The collection of land characteristics data was done at each observation point. To collect the primary data used sampling techniques carried out with stratified random sampling method considering accessibility of roads. The results of the study showed that there were several classes of land capacity. Among them were Class II with high potential of land so it can be cultivated for agriculture and settlements. Land capacity Class VI and VII with low-potential land or difficult to be cultivated for agriculture, this land capacity class intended for forestry plants and grazing fields.

Batang bawah berpengaruh terhadap tingkat keberhasilan kompatibiltas secara vegetatif melalui metode grafting. Mengetahui salah satu umur batang bawah terbaik yang menentukan tingkat persentase keberhasilan metode grafting menjadi tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 3 perlakuan perbedaan umur batang bawah 60 hari, 90 hari dan 120 hari. Hasil penelitian bahwa perbedaan umur batang bawah mempengaruhi 90% keberhasilan pembiakan vegetatif metode sambungan terhadap kemunculan tunas baru dan jumlah daun. Persentase kerberhasilan tertinggi pada perlakuan bibit batang bawah umur 60 hari (48,75%). Jumlah daun tertinggi pada perlakuan umur bibit pala 60 hari (6 helai) sedangkan yang terendah pada perlakuan umur bibit pala 120 hari (3 helai).

No-tillage or zero-tillage has been adopted for years by local farmers to sustain islands-based tropical spices cropping systems across the North Maluku region. Various studies in other parts of the world have proven a remarkable effect of this practice on soil health indicated by the enhancement of soil aggregate stability and increased water infiltration. No-tillage practice, however, with the removal of plant residue might cause an increase in soil compaction. In addition, the status of soil health is not only determined by soil management factors but is also influenced by climatic factors. In tropical region, high rainfall and season fluctuation in climate may deteriorate soil health as a result of the formation of soil compaction in no-tillage soils. Soil compaction occurs due to the rapid decomposition rate of soil organic matter triggered by wetting and drying oscillation process. It is hypothesized that an increase in the level of soil compaction may potentially disturb soil health indicated by the decline in natural capacity of a soil to suppress soil-borne disease. This paper, therefore, explores how a no-tillage practice can induce soil compaction. It will also describe the mechanism of the effects of soil compaction on the reduction in soil capacity to naturally suppress soil-borne disease, which might be able to influence the sustainability of small islands-based tropical agricultural systems in North Maluku.

The needs of food in Morotai Island Regency always increase over time, along with the increase in population. On the other hand, the available food potential is still low in productivity to meet the needs. Crop development in Morotai Island Regency, as an effort to fulfill local food needs, can still be done because the land resources potential is available and not optimally utilized. Agricultural land is the main resource for rural community development and food supply. The objectives of this research are: (1) To find out the potential of land resources and availability for crop development in Morotai Island Regency; (2) Identifying the advantages and prospects of crop development in Morotai Island Regency and (3) Preparing the recommendations for the development and management of land for crops in Morotai Island Regency. Data analysis consists of the needs and advantages of crops, farming feasibility, income, revenue, and land suitability. The results show that the suitable (S) land potential for the development of crops reaches 55,624.7 ha. Potentially suitable land for lowland rice, which classified as sufficiently suitable (S2), reaches 34,290.5 ha and marginally suitable (S3) land reaches 7,282.5 ha. Sufficiently suitable (S2) and marginally suitable (S3) lands for upland rice reach 25,040.3 ha and 28,932.8 ha respectively. As for corn cultivation, sufficiently suitable (S2) land reaches 25,040.3 ha and marginally suitable (S3) lands reaches 28,932.8 ha. Development of food crops as a result of analysis of harvested LQ shows that base food crops in South Morotai District are wetland rice (1.06), corn (1.02). East Morotai sub-district is based on the development of wetland rice (1.14) and upland rice (1.02). Morotai Selatan Barat Subdistrict is the base for the development of lowland rice (1.42). North Morotai District is the base for the development of upland rice (1,15). While Morotai Jaya is the base for developing upland rice (1.49), corn (1.53). Leading crop/s in South Morotai District are lowland rice and corn; Southwest Morotai is lowland rice; East Morotai are lowland rice and upland rice; North Morotai is upland rice; and Morotai Jaya are upland rice and corn.