MILITARY AID RELATIONSHIPS ALLOW DONORS to avoid direct intervention and delegate the practical execution of their security goals to recipients. But recipients often fall short of meeting the security objectives that underpin military aid. Pakistan, which has received large amounts of military aid from the United States since September 11, 2001, has been consistently criticized by U.S. administrations for failing to do enough to dismantle terrorist networks. In 2018, the Donald Trump administration finally announced its decision to halt all security aid to Pakistan for playing a duplicitous role and providing sanctuaries to terrorists. 1 The case of Pakistan presents an intriguing puzzle about the broader effects of external security aid. While Pakistan indeed has not done
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