Do Sanctions Always Stigmatize? The Effects of Economic Sanctions on Foreign Aid

Early, Bryan R.; Jadoon, Amira

doi:10.1080/03050629.2016.1093477

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…McLean et al (2018) suggest that the duration of terrorist campaigns tends to increase in sanctioned countries because sanctions force target governments to reduce their budget allocations for counterterrorism programs. Other studies show that government responses to sanctions lead to deteriorating social conditions in areas such as public health (Lopez and Cortright 1997; Marks 1999; Peksen 2011), human rights and state repression (Drury and Peksen 2009; Reinisch 2001; Wood 2008), the treatment of minority groups, including women (Drury and Peksen 2014), foreign aid (Early and Jadoon 2016), and subnational conflict (McLean et al 2018; Regan and Aydin 2006). For example, Wood (2008) argues that sanctions contribute to an increase in human rights abuses, such as physical repression, in target countries, and that personalist non-democracies resort to the most violent repression (Escribà-Folch 2012).…”

Section: Sanction Costs and Target Adjustmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Sanctions and Government Spending Adjustments: The Case of Disaster Preparedness

McLean

Whang

2019

Brit. J. Polit. Sci.

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Economic sanctions research suggests that sanctioned countries’ overall economic costs tend to be low. This article argues that, despite this, sanction costs can force the governments of these countries to reallocate budget resources from low-priority spending categories to other categories in an effort to minimize their political costs. One such low-priority category is disaster preparedness and mitigation. The authors show that economic sanctions lead to reduced disaster preparedness spending and, as a result, increase the scale of economic and human losses generated by natural disasters in sanctioned countries.

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Section: Sanction Costs and Target Adjustmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Sanctions and Government Spending Adjustments: The Case of Disaster Preparedness

McLean

Whang

2019

Brit. J. Polit. Sci.

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“…Few studies have explored in a systematic way how sanctions and foreign aid interact with each other when they are both used to induce changes in target/recipient countries. Scholars find that sanctioning efforts against targets that receive massive financial support are less likely to be effective (Early and Jadoon 2016;Lektzian and Souva 2007). We believe that this finding is driven by the fact that aid is mainly given to the public sector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…However, aid channeled to the public sector should have adverse effects and nullify the impact of sanctions. Scholars find that aid recipients tend to receive more foreign aid when they have been sanctioned (Early and Jadoon 2016;Lektzian and Souva 2007). Donors could be motivated to support sanctioned states in order to protect their own commercial interests, even though this might undermine the impact of sanctions.…”

Section: Combining Bottom-up and Top-down Foreign Policy Tools To Promentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As control variables, we include the total net official aid disbursements to the respective country (OECD 2017) because the effects of the amount of aid by the two senders might change when third states also cut aid flows or compensate the losses by giving additional aid (Early and Jadoon 2016). To capture these spillover effects, we include the lagged and logged total amount of aid in dollars per capita.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Amplifying and nullifying the impact of democratic sanctions through aid to civil society

Pospieszna

Weber

2020

International Interactions

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Both foreign aid and sanctions are foreign policy tools to promote democracy. Yet, it is unclear how far incentives and coercion enhance democratization. Since sanctions and aid are often employed at the same time, the goal of this study is to determine their joint effect on democratization in target/recipient countries. We argue that sending democracy aid through civil society organizations enhances the effectiveness of sanctions as a democracy promotion tool because the civil society is empowered to introduce democratic changes. Thus, in addition to the top-down pressure on the target government created by sanctions, there is a bottom-up pressure exerted by the civil society. Our empirical results show that democratic sanctions by the European Union and the United States are more likely to have a positive effect when aid flows bypass the government. Conversely, aid channeled through the public sector mitigates the generally positive effect of sanctions on democracy. In order to estimate these joint effects, we employ a new comprehensive dataset on economic sanctions: the EUSANCT Dataset which integrates and updates existing databases on sanctions for the period between 1989 and 2015, merged with disaggregated OECD aid data and V-Dem democracy scores.

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“…Foreign aid sanctions disproportionately hurt targets’ elites and crucial regime supporters (Brooks, 2002; Cortright and Lopez, 2002; Kirshner, 1997), thus, I argue that aid sanctions expedite target capitulations. However, I also argue that the effect of aid sanctions would be rendered indistinguishable from other types of sanctions over time as target countries adjust to foreign economic pressure (Early, 2015; Early and Jadoon, 2016; Hufbauer et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do sanction types affect the duration of economic sanctions? The case of foreign aid

Jeong

2018

International Political Science Review

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What effect does the type of economic sanctions have on sanctions duration? Despite extensive research about their effect on sanctions success, little is known about how sanction types affect the duration of sanctions episodes. I argue that, among different types of economic sanctions, terminating foreign aid to target states (foreign aid sanctions) expedites target capitulation, because it imposes disproportionate costs on elites and crucial regime supporters. However, I also contend that the effect of foreign aid sanctions is rendered indistinguishable from other types of economic coercion over time, as target governments adjust to the adverse impacts of sanctions. The empirical tests using the Threat and Imposition of Economic Sanctions dataset provide supporting evidence for my hypotheses that foreign aid sanctions accelerate target capitulations, but this effect diminishes over time.

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Do Sanctions Always Stigmatize? The Effects of Economic Sanctions on Foreign Aid

Cited by 26 publications

References 44 publications

Economic Sanctions and Government Spending Adjustments: The Case of Disaster Preparedness

Economic Sanctions and Government Spending Adjustments: The Case of Disaster Preparedness

Amplifying and nullifying the impact of democratic sanctions through aid to civil society

Do sanction types affect the duration of economic sanctions? The case of foreign aid

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