This trail was carried out on twelve Awassi ewes in the Animal Farm of College of Veterinary Medicine in June 2005 to study the cellular changes that occur in the vaginal epithelium after parturition, by using vaginal smear method. The post-parturient period was divided into three periods; 4th, 16th and 28th days after parturition. Each period presented different sizes of vaginal epithelial cells, some of them were predominant. Keratinization takes place in all periods. The 2nd period was characterized by cellular division, presence of vacuolated epithelial cells and WBCs mainly neutrophils cells. The conclusion, variations in the vaginal epithelium may relate to the physiological status and the hormonal activity of the animals.
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a food additive that is considered as a water and environmental pollutant and affects the tissues of the living being. This study was aimed to find the effect of long-term administration of MSG on the mass of mesangial cells of the kidneys. Forty adult male rats were divided into four groups (10 each). Control groups 1&2 were supplied orally with distilled water for 30 and 60 days, respectively. Treatment groups 1&2 were supplied orally with 15 mg/kg Bwt of MSG for 30 & 60 days, respectively. Control and treatment groups were sacrificed, specimens of kidneys were obtained, fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin, processed by Routine histological techniques, stained by Hematoxylin and eosin, and PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff) stains then examined under the light microscope. The result found enlargement in a mesangial mass represented by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mesangial cells leading to mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. Accordingly, the study showed an increase in creatinine values, indicating a disturbance in renal function. This will lead to a decrease in the sizes of the glomeruli of renal corpuscles and a relative increase of Bowman’s space. With the time of the experiment, the glomerular capillaries and gates of basement membranes will be closed, resulting in renal filtration disorders. It was concluded that the long-term intake of MSG leads to indirect narrowing of the glomerular capillary lumen, causing kidney failure.
This study was carried out on the vaginal epithelium of eight Awassi ewes during estrus and luteal phases in order to evaluate the histological effect of vitamin A on the vaginal epithelium, vaginal smears were taken and stained by methylene blue. Light microscope was used in examination of slides. The present result revealed that vitamin A stimulated the process of keratinization which in turn raised the immune response of the vagina. The process of keratinization formed a sheet of strongly attached polygonal cells which lines the vagina. Moreover, the most striking conclusion from this study was the indication to the period of arrival of the neutrophils from the blood to the vaginal epithelium which lasts more than six hours. These observations indicate the importance of vitamin A in proliferation, keratinization and increase cellular immunity of the vagina.
This study was carried out on eight of Awassi ewes in estrus during which keratinization can occur in the animal farm of college of veterinary medicine, Baghdad university in June 2006. In order to study the process of keratinization histologically, samples of vaginal smears were taken and stained by methylene blue. The present study recognized five stages of keratinization namely (stage of mitosis, stage of cellular transformation, stage of cellular adhesion, stage of endogenous bacterial invasion and stage of sloughing), during which the cells undergo a series of transformations in shape, size, colour and cornification. The study found also that the cells were transformed from small spherical basophilic shape to large polygonal acidophilic shape as the polygonal shape was suitable in hidden the interstitial spaces between the cells, when these cells try to building a compact sheet or packet which act as a defensive barrier to protect the internal environment against the external environment, finally the endogenous bacteria metabolize the glycogen into lactic acid which decrease the pH of the vagina and protect it from the pathogenic bacteria. Then these attacked cells start to exfoliated so that, we can regard the process of keratinization as a defensive mechanism in the vagina.
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