The histological effects of vitamin A supplement on the vaginal epithelial cells during estrus and luteal phases in Awassi sheep

Hussin, Amer M.

doi:10.29079/vol9iss2art108

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…The herein result demonstrated that the cellular sheet formation and the intercellular communications have an important role in raising the cellular adaptive response, by obliterating the spaces between the vaginal epithelial cells to prevent the penetration of materials and invasion of pathogens between the cells and the underlying tissue. This agrees with the finding of [ 34 ] about keratinization in the vagina of ewe.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Compensatory Structural Adaptive Modifications of Vagina in Response to Functional Demand in Goat

Hussin

Zaid

Hussain

2014

Veterinary Medicine International

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Vaginal biopsies and smears were collected from ten adult local healthy goats. Routine histological methods were carried out on vaginal biopsies and then stained with PAS stain. The smears were stained with Methylene blue. All samples were inspected under light microscope. The present study found that many constituents of the wall of the vagina, which have an important functional role, were absent; among these were the vaginal glands, goblet cells, muscularis mucosa, and lymphatic nodules. On the other hand, vagina showed special compensatory histological mechanisms, namely, the deep epithelial folds, the well-developed germinated stratum basale, the apparent basement membrane, and the profuse defensive cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and mast cells. The general stains of this study could not recognize dendritic cells although they play an important functional role. Moreover, the herein study declared also that the vaginal smears showing many adaptive cellular mechanisms among these were, the keratinization, the process of sheet formation that lines the vaginal lumen, the process of metachromasia which is related to the cellular activity in protein synthesis, keratin, and finally the presence of endogenous microorganisms. It was concluded that all the above cellular compensatory adaptive mechanisms may compensate the lacking vaginal constituents and act to raise the immune response of the vagina.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Endogenous bacteria metabolize the glycogen into lactic acid leading to decreasing the pH of the vagina and protecting it from pathogenic bacteria. This confirms the finding of [ 32 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Compensatory Structural Adaptive Modifications of Vagina in Response to Functional Demand in Goat

Hussin

Zaid

Hussain

2014

Veterinary Medicine International

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Histological study of the constituents that related to the immune defensive mechanism in the vagina of ewes

Hussin

2011

Iraqi J. Vet. Med.

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In order to study the vaginal defensive mechanisms in ewes, vaginal smears and biopsies were collected from eight adult Awasi ewes. The biopsies samples were processed by the routine histological methods and stained by H & E and PAS stains, while the smears samples were stained with MB. Samples were examined under light microscope. The resent study revealed that the vaginal wall lacks many important constituents, among these were the vaginal glands, goblet cells, muscularis mucosa and lymphatic nodules. And as the vagina was the nearest organ to the external environment and as it receives the male copulatory organ, so it is more liable organ to be infected by external pathogens. On the contrary, the vagina has special compensatory histological mechanisms i: e, its epithelium was thrown into deep folds which serve to increase the surface area and in turn raise the epithelial efficiency. The study suggested that these folds were a remnants formed as a result of a failure during embryonic development of the glands as the gland formed by invagination of the epithelium. Moreover, the vaginal wall had a thick basement membrane. It appeared segmented due to accumulation of the defensive cells on some parts of it during their migration from the blood vessels to the epithelium. Besides, the vagina contained a great numbers of defensive cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells and mast cells. In spite of the relation of dendritic cells with immune defense, this study couldn't recognize them by using only the general stains. On the other hand, the vaginal smears demonstrated that the vagina had many defensive cellular mechanisms among these, the process of keratinization of the vaginal epithelium; the process of sheet formation which lining the vaginal lumen; the presence of apparent junctional complexes which coalesce the cells of the sheet formation. These junctional complexes close completely the intercellular spaces leading to prevent any entrance of any foreign materials and pathogens to the underlying tissue. Some vaginal cells showed a pale foamy (vacuolated) appearance. Vacuolation was another defensive phenomena, it was indicative of increase cellular activity.

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The histological effects of vitamin A supplement on the vaginal epithelial cells during estrus and luteal phases in Awassi sheep

Cited by 2 publications

References 11 publications

Compensatory Structural Adaptive Modifications of Vagina in Response to Functional Demand in Goat

Compensatory Structural Adaptive Modifications of Vagina in Response to Functional Demand in Goat

Histological study of the constituents that related to the immune defensive mechanism in the vagina of ewes

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