The adverse effect of long term intake of Monosodium Glutamate on kidney performance

Abstract

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a food additive that is considered as a water and environmental pollutant and affects the tissues of the living being. This study was aimed to find the effect of long-term administration of MSG on the mass of mesangial cells of the kidneys. Forty adult male rats were divided into four groups (10 each). Control groups 1&2 were supplied orally with distilled water for 30 and 60 days, respectively. Treatment groups 1&2 were supplied orally with 15 mg/kg Bwt of MSG for 30 & 60 days, respectively. Control and treatment groups were sacrificed, specimens of kidneys were obtained, fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin, processed by Routine histological techniques, stained by Hematoxylin and eosin, and PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff) stains then examined under the light microscope. The result found enlargement in a mesangial mass represented by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mesangial cells leading to mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. Accordingly, the study showed an increase in creatinine values, indicating a disturbance in renal function. This will lead to a decrease in the sizes of the glomeruli of renal corpuscles and a relative increase of Bowman’s space. With the time of the experiment, the glomerular capillaries and gates of basement membranes will be closed, resulting in renal filtration disorders. It was concluded that the long-term intake of MSG leads to indirect narrowing of the glomerular capillary lumen, causing kidney failure.

The potential hepato-renal toxic effects of glutamate and sulfite sodium in broiler chickens

“…The kidney in sulfite group appeared with slight congestion of the interstitial blood vessels and necrobiosis of renal tubular epithelium. Similar findings were observed by Hamad and Hamed, (2020); Hussin et al (2021). In similar study, MSG treated animals revealed prominent areas of severe vacuolated hepatocyte with pyknotic nuclei, marked dilated central vein congested with hemolysis blood cells and perivascular inflammatory cells infiltrations.…”

Potential Defence Mechanisms Triggered by Monosodium Glutamate Sub-Chronic Consumption in Two-Year-Old Wistar Rats

“…However, group 4 is distinguished, having the highest levels, with statistical differences compared to the Control group. Other experimental studies on adult rats support the idea that higher values of CR appear in the experimental group, compared to the Control one, when the following doses of MSG are administered as 3 g/kg bw/day for six months [83], and 15 mg/kg bw/day for 30 and 60 days, respectively (increased values depending on the period of administration) [27]. Also, the study by Al-Deri A.…”

“…The potential toxicity of MSG has been evaluated mainly through preclinical studies. The reported side effects of MSG included (but were not limited to) hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, reproductive system toxicity, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity [25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. It has been demonstrated that administration of MSG resulted in histological alterations and impairment in biochemical and metabolic markers such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total or direct bilirubin [32,33], cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine [34] and urea [35].…”

“…4.2.11. Renal Histological Modifications Produced by MSG in Rats Reported in the Scientific Literature Some of the renal histological alterations following MSG consumption observed in experimental studies on rats and mice, compared to the Control group, are presented as follows: vascular congestion, interstitial inflammatory infiltrate, hyaline casts and cellular casts in the renal tubules (120 mg/kg bw/day of MSG, for 3 months) [44]; dilatation and necrosis and fatty change of renal tubules was noticed at a higher dose (5 mg/kg bw/day and 15 mg/kg bw/day MSG, respectively, for 4 weeks) [26]; marked swelling in the glomeruli, decreased Bowman's spaces, vacuolar degeneration in addition to infiltration of inflammatory cells in the interstitial tissue (4 mg/kg bw/day of MSG, for 7 days) [42]; increase in Bowman's space, congestion of glomerular blood vessels and beginning of mesangial cells proliferation (15 mg/kg bw MSG, for 30 days) and a high increase in Bowman's space, mitosis in mesangial cells, congested capillaries and congestion and haemorrhage of blood vessels (15 mg/kg bw MSG, for 30 days) [27].…”

Effect of monosodium glutamate on hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity: A mini review

“…Additionally, rats exposed to 3 g/kg bw of MSG for 6 months had significantly higher serum levels of malondialdehyde(MDA), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), creatinine, uric acid, and Caspase-9, NGAL, and KIM-1 [40]. In addition, rats exposed to 15 mg/kg bw of MSG for 30 and 60 days developed mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis due to an expansion in a mesangial mass characterised by mesangial cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia [41]. According to a study rats given MSG at a variety of doses for 30 days had higher urea-creatinine blood concentrations [42].…”