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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan strategi peningkatan adopsi inovasi pada peternakan sapi perah rakyat. Penelitian dilakukan pada Bulan Mei hingga Juli 2015. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei. Pemilihan responden dilakukan dengan metode multi stage sampling yaitu sebanyak 270 peternak sapi perah rakyat di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Jawa Tengah, dan Jawa Timur. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan analisis SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity and threat). Hasil penelitian merumuskan strategi peningkatan adopsi inovasi antara lain mengoptimalkan sumber daya; memberikan informasi yang jelas dan kontinyu mengenai inovasi; mempermudah akses informasi dengan memperbanyak penyebaran informasi; memberikan program pendampingan, penyuluhan, dan pelatihan disertai demonstrasi mengenai inovasi; meningkatkan partisipasi peternak; memperkuat kelembagaan peternak; mengusahakan alat pendukung inovasi secara bersama-sama; meningkatkan kualitas penyuluh, media, dan cara penyampaian informasi; mengoptimalkan bantuan pemerintah dan lembaga swadaya masyarakat.

The aim of the study was to compare the total economic value, added-value, consumer preferences and the superiority of commercial products developed from mondol and thorn stingray skins. The stingray skins were processed into wallet and women products and this processing increased the value of mondol and thorn sink up to 1,650,000 and IDR 2,300,000, respectively. Survey on customer preferences found that the model, colour, quality, price and purchasing power of commercial products from thorn stingray more preferred than those from mondol stingray. In conclusion, the commercial products from thorn stingray skin is better than those from mondol stingray.

This research aims to evaluate the quality of goat feces liquid biofertilizer with chicken excreta addition by aerobic and anaerobic fermentation. The data obtained from the research were statistically analyzed with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) Factorial Pattern with two factors. The first factor was addition level of the chicken excreta (0, 10, 20, and 30%) and the other factor was fermentation treatment (aerobic and anaerobic) condition with 3 replications for each treatment. Fermentation was conducted for 14 days. The observed parameters consisted of the chemical parameter (organic-C, N, P, and K) and the physical parameter (pH, temperature, and the odor). The addition of various level of chicken excreta and fermentation treatments in the process of producing goat feces liquid biofertilizer indicate significantly effect to increase the organic-C, total-N, NH4, P, K, compare with 5 and 10% liquid fertilizer treatment. The best quality of liquid biofertilizer produced by combining aerobic fermentation and the addition of 30% chicken excreta. Generally, chicken excreta able to increase the nitrogen and mineral content, and putting together with aerobic fermentation system of chicken excreta maximum to 30% can avoid overproduction of unpleasant odor.

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ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi bakteri penghasil enzim protease dari limbah cair dan padat penyamakan kulit, dan mengetahui karakterisasi aktivitas enzim yang dihasilkan. Isolasi bakteri menggunakan sampel limbah cair dan padat dari limbah penyamakan kulit yang diambil dari 4 penampungan limbah yang berbeda (tiga limbah cair dan 1 limbah padat dari fase unhairing). Data hasil isolasi bakteri, pengukuran pertumbuhan bakteri pada OD 600 nm, identifikasi bakteri dan pemekatan enzim 60% ammonium sulfat dianalisis secara deskriptif. Data uji diameter koloni, diameter zona bening, indeks proteolitik dan uji karakterisasi aktivitas enzim terhadap pH dan suhu yang berbeda-beda dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis ragam, apabila terdapat perbedaan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. Hasil isolasi bakteri sampel limbah cair dari kolam penampungan limbah yang kedua (L2) diuji lebih lanjut karena menunjukkan adanya aktivitas proteolitik. Identifikasi isolat bakteri L2 mempunyai morfologi koloni berbentuk bulat, berwarna putih, tepian rata dan elevasi cembung, morfologi sel berbentuk bacillus, warna merah, gram negatif, tidak motil, katalase positif, dan gelatin negatif. Aktivitas enzim tertinggi ditunjukkan pada pH 11 dengan aktivitas unit enzim 45.18±1.77 U/mL dan aktivitas spesifik enzim 43.19±1.69 U/mg dan suhu 40°C dengan aktivitas unit enzim 54.02±1.89 U/mL dan aktivitas spesifik enzim 51.65±1.8 U/mg. Aktivitas enzim dari protease yang terpresipitasi ammonium sulfat 60% menunjukkan hasil yang lebih tinggi (75.8 U/mL) daripada protease kasar. Kata kunci : Isolasi bakteri, enzim protease, limbah penyamakan kulit, Unhairing ABSTRACTThe objectives of this study were to isolate and identify bacteria which produced protease enzyme from liquid and solid waste of tannery, and their characterization of enzymatic activities. The bacterial isolation used a sample of liquid and solid waste from leather waste which taken from a different waste reservoirs (three liquid waste and one solid waste in unhairing phase). Data of the isolated bacteria, OD 600 nm bacterial growth, the identification of bacteria, and enzyme precipitation with 60% ammonium sulfate were analyzed descriptively. The colony diameter, diameter of clear zone, proteolytic index, and enzymatic activities characterization on difference of pH and temperature were analyzed using Completely Randomized Design, followed by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. The second sample from four samples of the isolated bacteria was tested further for their proteolytic activity. The morphology of the colony was circle, white, flat ledges and convex elevation, the basal cell morphology was red, gram-negative, non-motile, catalase positive and gelatin negative. The highest activity of Protease Enzyme from Bacteria Isolate (A. Pertiwiningrum et al.) 33 enzyme on pH 11 with activity unit enzyme 45,18±1,77 U/ml and specific enzyme activity 43,19±1,69 U/mg and temperature of 40°C activity unit enzyme 54,02±1,89 U/ml and specif...