ABSTRACT(Cultivation of food species in urban gardens in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil). Home gardens are urban spaces that guarantee human interaction with elements from the natural word, and the cultivation of food plants in these gardens can be important in complementing the diet of city residents. Th e goal of this work was to make an assessment of the eatable food plants grown in home gardens in the city of Rio Branco. In 2009 and 2010, on-site interviews were carried out using a questionnaire, which recorded the plant species of each kind of food, area of the gardens and the socioeconomic factors, for 132 gardens in Rio Branco. Th e neighborhoods selected for this study, Aeroporto Velho, Novo Horizonte and Placas, were located in the outskirts of the city. Seventy-seven food plants were recorded, which belong to 34 plant families. Of these, Solanaceae (12.6%) and Myrtaceae (11.3%) with 62.0% of the kinds of fruits and 38.0% of the vegetables. Of the total number of plants recorded, 82.3% were exotic, 34.1% were medicinal and 18.9% were ornamental. No signifi cant statistical association was detected between species and socioeconomic factors. Nonparametric analysis of variance indicated signifi cant diff erences between neighborhoods, showing that Placas had a higher quantity of species. Th e quantity of species correlated positively in the home gardens. Food plants cultivated in Rio Branco gardens conserve agrobiodiversity and aid in the health and well-being of the residents by improving the landscape, ambience and leisure space of the city.

Citrus gummosis, caused by Phytophthora spp., is an important citrus disease in Brazil. Almost all citrus rootstock varieties are susceptible to it to some degree, whereas resistance is present in Poncirus trifoliata, a closely related species. The objective of this study was to detect QTLs linked to citrus Phytophthora gummosis resistance. Eighty individuals of the F1 progeny, obtained by controlled crosses between Sunki mandarin Citrus sunki (susceptible) and Poncirus trifoliata cv. Rubidoux (resistant), were evaluated. Resistance to Phytophthora parasitica was evaluated by inoculating stems of young plants with a disc of fungal mycelia and measuring lesion lengths a month later. Two QTLs linked to gummosis resistance were detected in linkage groups 1 and 5 of the P. trifoliata map, and one QTL in linkage group 2 of the C. sunki map. The phenotypic variation explained by individual QTLs was 14% for C. sunki and ranged from 16 to 24% for P. trifoliata. The low character heritability (h2 = 18.7%) and the detection of more than one QTL associated with citrus Phytophthora gummosis resistance showed that inheritance of the resistance is quantitative.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar métodos de inoculação de Phytophthoraparasitica em plântulas e plantas jovens de citros (Citrus spp.) visando sua utilização em estudos de resistência de porta-enxertos à gomose de Phytophthora. Os métodos de inoculação testados foram: contato planta sem ferimento-patógeno, casca destacada, inserção de disco de meio de cultura contendo micélio sob a casca, método do disco e inserção de agulha e palito infestados em plântulas e plantas jovens de citros. A resistência de genótipos à gomose pode ser avaliada em plântulas in vitro, através de inserção de agulha infestada. O método do disco e o da inserção sob casca foram os melhores quando utilizados em plantas jovens. A medida da área total da lesão é a variável ideal para avaliação da doença. No entanto, o comprimento da lesão pode ser utilizado na avaliação da doença em plântulas, plantas jovens e no campo.

Plantas medicinais em quintais urbanos de Rio Branco, Acre SIVIERO, A.*; DELUNARDO, T.A.; HAVERROTH, M.; OLIVEIRA, L.C.; MENDONÇA, A.M.S. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa e Agropecuária -Embrapa Acre, Rodovia BR 364, km 14, RESUMO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar levantamento das espécies vegetais de uso medicinal cultivadas em quintais urbanos da cidade de Rio Branco. Foram realizadas entrevistas presenciais com aplicação de questionário especifico registrando as espécies vegetais de uso medicinal e dados sócio-econômicos dos moradores em 132 quintais urbanos de Rio Branco entre 2009 e 2010. Os bairros selecionados para o estudo foram: Aeroporto Velho, Placas, e Novo Horizonte, todos situados na periferia do município. Foram detectadas 83 espécies vegetais de uso medicinal pertencente a 50 famílias botânicas com destaque para Lamiaceae (12,0%) e Asteraceae (6,0%), sendo 66,2% exóticas, e 28,9% e 16,8%, associadas ao uso alimentar e ornamental, respectivamente. A decocção das folhas visando à obtenção do chá foi o principal modo de preparo das plantas. A análise de regressão logística entre a riqueza de espécies e diversos fatores socioeconômicos dos entrevistados mostrou que a probabilidade de ocorrência de espécies é três vezes maior em quintais manejados por moradores com idade superior a 50 anos de idade. A análise de correlação não paramétrica de fatores quantitativos mostrou que a variável tempo de moradia está mais correlacionada com a riqueza de plantas medicinais do que a variável idade. O cultivo das plantas medicinais em quintais urbanos de Rio Branco auxilia no combate a doenças e promove a conservação ex situ da agrobiodiversidade agroflorestal, bem estar aos moradores pela melhoria da paisagem, ambiência microclimática e espaço de lazer. Palavras-chave: diversidade vegetal, fitoterapia, Amazônia, agricultura urbanaABSTRACT: Medicinal plants in urban backyards in Rio Branco, Acre. This study aimed to survey the medicinal plant species grown in urban backyards in the city of Rio Branco. Personal interviews were conducted by applying a specific questionnaire recording the plant species of medicinal use and the socioeconomic data of residents in 132 urban backyards in Rio Branco between 2009 and 2010. The districts selected for the study were "Aeroporto Velho", "Placas" and "Novo Horizonte", all situated on the outskirts of the city. We detected 83 medicinal plant species belonging to 50 botanical families, especially Lamiaceae (12.0%) and Asteraceae (6.0%), of which 66.2% are exotic, and 28.9% and 16.8% are associated with food and ornamental use, respectively. Decoction of the leaves in order to obtain tea was the main mode of preparation of these plants. Logistic regression analysis between species richness and various socioeconomic factors of the interviewees showed that the probability of occurrence of species is threefold higher in backyards managed by residents older than 50 years. Nonparametric correlation analysis of quantitative factors showed that the variable time of residence is mo...

Resumo:As plantas ornamentais são importantes na cultura e no bem estar dos moradores das cidades na Amazônia. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar as espécies vegetais de uso ornamental em quintais urbanos de Rio Branco, Acre, e a relação com aspectos sociais. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, abrangendo 132 quintais urbanos, entre 2009 e 2011. Os bairros selecionados para este estudo foram Aeroporto Velho, Placas e Conjunto Novo Horizonte, situados na periferia do município. Foram catalogadas 140 espécies ornamentais, pertencentes a 49 famílias botânicas, com destaque para Euphorbiaceae (7%), Arecaceae (6,4%) e Araceae (5%). Entre as espécies ornamentais registradas, 57,5% são exóticas, 16% apresentam uso medicinal e 44% são herbáceas. A análise de regressão dos dados entre a diversidade de espécies, a área e os parâmetros sociais dos entrevistados não mostrou significância. O cultivo de plantas ornamentais em quintais urbanos de Rio Branco auxilia na ambiência da residência e melhoria da paisagem, gera bem estar aos moradores pelo espaço de lazer e contribui para a conservação de recursos genéticos.Palavras-chave: Plantas ornamentais. Quintais urbanos. Amazônia. Etnobotânica. Abstract:Ornamental plants are important in the culture and welfare of city dwellers in the Amazon. This study aimed to perform a characterization of species of ornamental use in urban backyards of Rio Branco and relation with social aspects of the respondents. Semi-structured interviews featuring ornamental species along with analysis of social aspects of urban respondents of the 132 backyards in Rio Branco, Acre, Amazon between 2009 and 2011. Selected for this study were neighborhoods Aeroporto Velho, Placas and Novo Horizonte, located on the periphery of the municipality. Were detected 140 ornamental species belonging to 49 different botanical families, especially Euphorbiaceae (7%), Arecaceae (6.4%) and Araceae (5%). Ornamental species recorded, 57.5% are exotic, 16% have medicinal use and 44% herbaceous. Regression analysis of data across the diversity of species, area and social parameters of the respondents was not significant. The cultivation of ornamental plants in urban backyards Rio Branco assists in the ambience of the residence, landscape improvement, generates welfare for residents at leisure space beyond the conservation of genetic resources.

A cultura da mandioca (Manihot esculenta) tem importância socioeconômica no Brasil, no entanto há ainda uma escassez de informações sobre a associação de nematoides fitoparasitas, bem como ao comportamento de cultivares de mandioca ao parasitismo desses agentes. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar a distribuição geográfica e novas ocorrências das principais espécies de nematoides encontradas associadas à mandioca em diferentes municípios dos estados do Acre, Amapá, Pará e Rondônia. Além disso, estudou-se, em casa de vegetação, a reação de algumas cultivares de mandioca ao parasitismo de Meloidogyne incognita raça 3, Pratylenchus brachyurus e P. zeae. Nematoides foram extraídos de 10 g de raízes ou 250 cm 3 de solo e identificados sob microscópio de luz. A espécie mais prevalente foi P. brachyurus, presente em 37,1% das amostras analisadas (n=35), seguida de M. incognita, encontrada em de 14,2% das amostras. Constituíram novas ocorrências para mandioca no Brasil: Helicotylenchus erythrinae, M. enterolobii e Xiphinema longicaudatum. As cultivares de mandioca provenientes do Amapá (Amazonas, Colônia Matapi, Manteiga, Pretinha e Pó-da-China) e as cultivares de mandioca Colonial e Caipora, provenientes do Acre, comportaram-se como suscetíveis a M. incognita raça 3. Por outro lado, as cultivares Caipora e Colonial comportaramse como resistentes a P. brachyurus (fator de reprodução = 0,5 e 0,9, respectivamente) e imunes a P. zeae. Informações geradas neste estudo podem ser úteis para o manejo de áreas cultivadas com mandioca e infestadas pelos nematoides das lesões, P. brachyurus e/ou P. zeae. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Helicotylenchus erythrinae, Manihot esculenta, Meloidogyne enterolobii, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus zeae, resistência, Xiphinema longicaudatum Plant parasitic nematodes on cassava cultivated in the Brazilian Amazon ABSTRACTThe cassava crop (Manihot esculenta) has socioeconomic importance to Brazil, however, there is a paucity of studies regarding the plant parasitic nematodes associated with cassava and the host reaction of cassava cultivars to nematodes. The aims of this work were to report the geographic distributions and new records of plant parasitic nematodes collected from cassava areas from the States of Acre, Amapá, Pará and Rondônia, Brazil. Additionally, the host reaction of different cassava cultivars to Meloidogyne incognita race 3, Pratylenchus brachyurus and P. zeae was studied in a greenhouse experiment. Nematodes were extracted from either 10 g of roots or 250 cm 3 of soil by centrifugation and identified by microscopy. The most prevalent species was P. brachyurus detected from 37.1% of samples tested (n=35), follow by M. incognita (14.2%). Among the identified nematode species, the following associations constitute new records for Brazil: Helicotylenchus erythrinae, M. enterolobii and Xiphinema longicaudatum. Cassava cultivars Amazonas, Colônia Matapi, Manteiga, Pretinha and Pó-da-China from Amapá State and Colonial and Caipora from Acre State were all susceptible to M. incognita...

In this chapter, several characteristics of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), including nutritional and nutraceutical properties, and economic and social aspects of production were analysed with the objective to demonstrate that cowpea is a culture suitable for inclusion in food security programs. Cowpea is rich in diverse nutrients, highlighting high levels of protein. Cowpea also is rich in nutraceuticals compounds such as dietary fibre, antioxidants and polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols. Widely cultivated and consumed cowpea is the very important legume for the nutrition and health of millions of people in many countries. In addition to being nutritious and safe, cowpea has high relative productivity, production stability and high tolerance to environmental stresses such as drought. Cowpea also has economic viability, low environmental impact and contributes to the conservation of natural resources and the sustainability of production systems. Cowpea is a safe food, always available in most regions, low priced compared to other sources of protein. Based on the analyses performed, it is possible to infer that cowpea is a strategic culture for the promotion of food security and health of populations on all continents.

The citrus vegetative propagation by stem cuttings depends on factors such as genetics, age, vigor, woodiness, growth regulators, environment and nutrition. Lemons (Citrus limon), acid limes (Citrus aurantifolia) and citrons (Citrus medica) root very easily. Plant cuttings from the sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), mandarins (Citrus reticulata) and Poncirus trifoliata are more difficult to root. The objective of this study was to detect quantitative trait loci linked to the rooting of citrus stem cuttings in F 1 hybrids obtained from a crossing between Citrus sunki x Poncirus trifoliata. The semi-woody cuttings were treated with 1 g/L indole-3-butyric acid for 10 minutes and cultivated in citrus substrate under a mist environment. QTLs were identified by the composite interval mapping strategy. Two QTLs were detected for the rooting trait in plant cutting, in the P. trifoliata map.