RESUMOUtilizaram-se 86 bovinos, castrados e não-castrados, com peso médio de 329kg e 20 meses de idade, sendo 12 Gir, 20 Guzerá, 20 Nelore e 20 Caracu -todos selecionados para peso aos 378 dias de idade (P378) -e 14 Nelore controle-selecionados com base no diferencial de seleção nulo para P378. A dieta, usada na relação volumoso:concentrado de 60:40 na matéria seca (MS), continha 14,8% de proteína bruta na MS e silagem de milho. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 (grupos genético e classe sexual). Os ganhos médios diários de 1,51kg para Nelore seleção e 1,53kg para Guzerá foram semelhantes e maiores que os dos demais grupos genéticos, os quais não diferiram entre si. Não houve diferenças de ganho entre animais castrados e não-castrados. O consumo de MS em kg/dia foi maior para Nelore, Guzerá e Caracu selecionados (10,30; 10,04 e 10,71kg/dia, respectivamente), e os valores para os demais foram semelhantes entre si. A eficiência bionutricional foi pior para a raça Caracu (2,13) e melhor para Nelore controle (1,58). Os animais Caracu precisaram de maior tempo em confinamento (133 dias) para atingir 4mm de espessura de gordura subcutânea, sendo os valores para as demais raças próximos entre si. Nellore, Guzerá and Caracu (10.30; 10.04 and 10.71kg/day, respectively) and the values observed for the two other groups did not differ from each other. The bionutritional efficiency was worse for Caracu (2.13) and better for control Nellore (1.58). Caracu needed to remain in feeding 133 days longer to reach 4mm of subcutaneous fat thickness. The time in feeding for the others groups were similar.

PALAVRAS CHAVE ADICIONAISAvaliação de alimentos. Bovinos. Digestibilidade. Forragem de baixa qualidade. Panicum maximum. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDSBovines. Digestibility. Feed evaluation. Low quality forage. Panicum maximum. RESUMOA suplementação alimentar proporciona suprimento de nutrientes limitantes e aumento da eficiência de utilização das pastagens. O consumo de suprimentos pode ser controlado pelo uso de uréia e sais minerais, impedindo a dominância de uns animais sobre os outros. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o consumo e a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes em novilhos Nelore em terminação, alimentados com diferentes níveis de suplemento à base de fubá de milho, durante o período da seca. O experimento foi implantado em pastagem de Panicum maximum 'Tanzânia', em quatro piquetes de 1,0 hectare. Foram utilizados quatro novilhos Nelore com 30 meses e peso médio inicial de 440 kg. Os animais foram distribuídos em quadrado latino 4x4 (quatro níveis de suplementação e quatro períodos). Foram utilizados níveis crescentes de suplemento: 1,0; 2,0; e 4,0 kg/animal/dia, além do tratamento controlemistura mineral. Os suplementos, à exceção do controle, apresentaram níveis decrescentes de proteína bruta (42,6 a 25% da matéria seca) e proporções de mistura mineral:uréia:fubá de milho de 10:10:80, 5:5:90 e 2,5:2,5:95 para os tratamentos com 1,0; 2,0 e 4,0 kg/animal/dia, respectivamente. A uréia foi usada como controladora de consumo de suplemento. Os períodos experimentais constituíram-se de 16 dias cada um, num total de 64 dias. O consumo e a digestibilidade foram determinados por meio do indicador externo óxido crômico e indicador interno FDAi. Houve efeito linear crescente para o consumo de matéria seca em kg/animal/dia e em porcentagem do PV, consumo de proteína bruta, consumo de extrato etéreo, consumo de fibra em detergente neutro, consumo de carboidratos não fibrosos e consumo de nutrientes digestíveis totais. Não houve efeito sobre o consumo de pastagem. Houve efeito linear crescente para os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca e fibra em detergente neutro. Não houve efeito para os coeficientes de digestibilidade da proteína bruta, extrato etéreo e carboidratos não fibrosos. SUMMARYThe supplementation allows the supply of limiting nutrients and increase in efficiency of pasture utilization. The intake of supplement can be controlled by use of urea and mineral salt, avoiding dominancy of some animals over the others. The objective of this study was to evaluate the intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients in finishing phase Nellore steers fed different levels of supplements based on corn meal, during the dry season. The experiment was implanted on pasture

Estimação por aproximação química dos teores de proteína indegradável insolúvel em detergente neutro em forragens tropicais [Estimation of undegradable neutral detergent insoluble protein in tropical forages by chemical approaching]

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ABSTRACT Elephant grass silages have high moisture content, causing nutrient loss, mainly by effluent production. The use of moisture absorbent additives, such as patauá, Oenocarpus bataua meal, can be a strategy to reduce losses in these silages. The aim of this study was to determine the fermentation losses, microbiological composition, fermentative characteristics, and chemical composition of elephant grass silage with increasing levels of inclusion of patauá meal. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with four concentrations of patauá meal (7%, 14%, 21%, and 28%, based on fresh matter) and a control without patauá, and five replicates. The elephant grass was collected manually after 60 days of growth. After chopping, the grass was homogenized, mixed with the patauá meal according to the established treatments, and ensiled in experimental silos of 15 L. The inclusion of patauá meal in elephant grass silage had positive effects on the chemical composition and effluent loss. It significantly increased dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, nitrogen insoluble in neutral detergent and acid, ethereal extract, lignin, and non-fibrous carbohydrates of the silages. It also reduced effluent losses, neutral and acid detergent fiber contents, and cellulose. Our findings contribute towards reducing the environmental impact caused by the production of effluents during ensilage of tropical grasses and providing a potential use for the residue from the production of patauá oil, thus avoiding disposal in the environment.

No abstract

We aimed to determine the effect of relocation of whole-plant corn silage (WPCS) with different fermentation profiles on ingestive behavior of lambs. Twenty-four male Santa Inês lambs, were used in a completely randomized block design based on initial body weight (17.5 ± 1.8 kg) for the following treatments: CS: WPCS (not inoculated and not relocated); R-12h: WPCS relocated for 12h; IR-12h: WPCS inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum and relocated for 12h; and R-24h: WPCS not inoculated and relocated for 24h. Ingestive behavior was observed as continuous (feeding, ruminating, and idling) and specific (urination, defecation, and water and salt access frequency) activities for 48h (3h intervals for a total of eight periods in 24h). The behavioral activities were affected only by periods (p = 0.0001). Feeding peaks was high at 8:00–11:00am (54.2%) and 5:00-8:00pm (54.9%) in compare to ruminating and idling at the same period. Rumination time was intense at night, at 63.7% (2:00–5:00am) and 69.7% (5:00–8:00am). Idling time (49.7%) was long after silage supply. The specific activities were intense during the morning periods. Supply of WPCS relocated up to 24h did not alter the ingestive behavior.

The present study explored the effects of sodium benzoate (SB), relocation, and storage time on the quality of sugarcane silage. The experiments followed a completely randomized design with a 2 × 4 × 2 factorial arrangement and four replicates. The treatments were as follows: (i) with (SB+) or without (SB–) SB (2 g∙kg−1 on a fresh matter basis); (ii) with (R) or without (R0) relocation for 12, 48, and 72 h (R12, R48, and R72, respectively); and (iii) storage for 10 or 60 days after relocation. SB– silage showed a lower (p < 0.05) dry matter loss (DML = 155 g·kg−1) without relocation (R0). SB+ silage showed the highest (p < 0.05) DML (257 g·kg−1) with R72. SB use reduced (p < 0.05) the yeast count in silage that was stored for 10 days (SB+: 4.63 CFU·g−1; SB–: 5.58 CFU·g−1). The yeast count was higher (p < 0.05) in silage that was stored for 10 days after relocation, regardless of the relocation time. SB use increased the aerobic stability of silage after 10 days of storage. Thus, SB application is effective for the inhibition of yeast in relocated sugarcane silage. We recommend the use of SB when silage is relocated for 12 h and stored for 60 days after relocation.