Microgrids (MG) are becoming a definitive solution for the integration of renewable energies sources in the energy matrix. As it becomes an independent cluster of energy apart from the main grid, it needs a specialized control called Microgrid Central Controller (MGCC) and consequently a robust communication layer with the primary controllers in order to prevent failure and disturbances to the grid. In Brazil, an effort has been made to build a laboratory structure to simulate a microgrid environment, but with a field approach. This paper proposes a solution to the communication layer, physical and logical, that meet the requirements of a real field application allowing interconnection of real physical equipment to the testbed. The results indicate that the communication should use a physical interconnection with an Ethernet Based Protocol, considering time synchronization and redundancy.
The pig farming brought a large generation of waste in confined places as an environmental problem. In the biological treatment of this waste, one of the by-products is the biogas. This source of energy has become a growing alternative for the increasing environmental problem in swine farming. With the generation of electricity from biogas it is possible that projects become feasible when investing in this renewable energy. However, with the usage growth, an effective monitoring is even more necessary in order to better understand the process and increase its efficiency. At this point, this work aimed to list parameters and sensors that can be used to monitor all stages of the processes. As a complement, it gives a general insight in two case studies that can be used as a basis for other similar studies.
The Innovation Centers are one of the arms of a nation's technological development. Due to their characteristics and objectives, these centers are equipped with laboratories, equipment and researchers capable of developing a product from basic research to the installation of the solution in the field. Entering the context of Innovation Centers and knowing how to correctly position the level of technological maturity is one of the challenges to be understood and explored. In order to advance the market phase, it is recommended to form alliances with technology-based companies to provide both production and commercialization of these technologies, even more if it is possible to create a spinoff from these centers, to take advantage of the experience, knowledge and skills already acquired over time.
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