It is expected that distribution power systems will soon be able to connect a variety of microgrids from residential, commercial, and industrial users, and thus integrate a variety of distributed generation technologies, mainly renewable energy sources to supply their demands. Indeed, some authors affirm that distribution networks will propose significant changes as a consequence of this massive integration of microgrids at the distribution level. Under this scenario, the control of distributed generation inverters, demand management systems, renewable resource forecasting, and demand predictions will allow better integration of such microgrid clusters to decongest power systems. This paper presents a review of microgrids connected at distribution networks and the solutions that facilitate their integration into such distribution network level, such as demand management systems, renewable resource forecasting, and demand predictions. Recent contributions focused on the application of microgrids in Low-Voltage distribution networks are also analyzed and reviewed in detail. In addition, this paper provides a critical review of the most relevant challenges currently facing electrical distribution networks, with an explicit focus on the massive interconnection of electrical microgrids and the future with relevant renewable energy source integration.
It becomes essential for Brazil the formation of critical mass and technological base in the microgrid subject and, mainly, the creation of an infrastructure that allows the accomplishment of research in this area of knowledge. Faced with this necessity, it was verified the viability of implementing a laboratory to perform analysis of microgrids systems in the actual premises of the Laboratory of Automation and Simulation of Electrical Systems, which is allocated in Itaipu Technological Park Foundation-Brazil dependencies. In the presented context, this work brings the description of the provisioned infrastructurewhose the main feature will be to add flexibility of analysis through the joint application of real, emulated elements and realtime simulation platform, being at the same level of international reference laboratories as well as the fundamental aspects that provides the basis for your design and the possibilities of research envisaged from its implementation. The joint action of several researchers and enterprises will be stimulated and characterized as fundamental role for the transformation of this laboratory into a national reference in the study of microgrids serving as support for the electrical sector for the complete understanding of the new development trends of the future electrical power.
Microgrids (MG) are becoming a definitive solution for the integration of renewable energies sources in the energy matrix. As it becomes an independent cluster of energy apart from the main grid, it needs a specialized control called Microgrid Central Controller (MGCC) and consequently a robust communication layer with the primary controllers in order to prevent failure and disturbances to the grid. In Brazil, an effort has been made to build a laboratory structure to simulate a microgrid environment, but with a field approach. This paper proposes a solution to the communication layer, physical and logical, that meet the requirements of a real field application allowing interconnection of real physical equipment to the testbed. The results indicate that the communication should use a physical interconnection with an Ethernet Based Protocol, considering time synchronization and redundancy.
A smart microgrid is a bidirectional electricity generation system—a type of system that is becoming more prevalent in energy production at the distribution level. Usually, these systems have intermittent renewable energy sources, e.g., solar and wind energy. These low voltage networks contribute to decongestion through the efficient use of resources within the microgrid. In this investigation, an energy management strategy and a control scheme for DG units are proposed for DC/AC microgrids. The objective is to implement these strategies in an experimental microgrid that will be developed on the INTEC university campus. After presenting the microgrid topology, the modeling and control of each subsystem and their respective converters are described. All possible operation scenarios, such as islanded or interconnected microgrids, different generation-load possibilities, and state-of-charge conditions of the battery, are verified, and a seamless transition between different operation modes is ensured. The simulation results in Matlab Simulink show how the proposed control system allows transitions between the different scenarios without severe transients in the power transfer between the microgrid and the low voltage network elements.
The development of a three-phase electronic power converter is presented, the converter uses IGBTs as electronic power devices, it can act bi-functionally as a threephase full-wave rectifier or as a three-phase three-arm inverter, using the same three-phase power bridge For the conversion, the control design is carried out using the FCS-MPC technique (Finite Commutations Set-Model Predictive Control). The quality of the electrical energy conversion is evaluated, evaluating the average and effective parameters of the voltages and currents, with various types of loads. As well as distortion with the THD coefficient, frequency and phase. The converter seeks to be very flexible and somewhat universal for the conversion of AC-DC and DC-AC energy, for diverse applications in the field of distributed power generation systems, particularly with the presence of renewable energy sources. Modeling and testing have been done with MATLAB, SIMULINK. The loads have also been modeled for typical applications with real characteristics, so in the case of rectifier the test load has been considered a lithium ion battery, then with a 5HP, 240 v and 1750 rpm DC motor, to later test with a general load of RL characteristics. For the inverter, it is tested with a balanced three-phase RL load and then with a three-phase squirrel cage-type asynchronous motor. The results are presented by means of graphs and tables for a better understanding of said results obtained in the simulations. The functionality and operation of the developed converter is explained by means of block diagrams that incorporate the units that make up the converter including the control units, the command unit, the operation selection switch unit, as well as the power unit. The results obtained show good functional characteristics of the converter in its two modes of operation, reflected in the parameters measured in the simulation tests.
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