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Abstract:Orocutaneous fistulas or cutaneous sinus, a tract of dental origin, is an uncommon but welldocumented condition that usually requires emergency treatment. Such condition may be misdiagnosed by physicians and dentists and may sometimes be confused with bone and skin tumor, osteomyelitis, congenital fistula, salivary gland fistula, pyogenic granuloma, infected cyst, deep mycotic infection, and other pathologies. A case of facial sinus tract that was initially misdiagnosed by a physician as a nonodontogenic lesion is presented. Nonsurgical endodontic therapy was the treatment of choice for this case. Facial cutaneous sinus tracts must be considered of dental origin. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment minimize patient discomfort and esthetic problems, reducing the possibility of further complications such as sepsis and osteomyelitis. Keywords: Cutaneous fistula; Endodontics; Fistula; Focal infection, dental; Skin diseases Resumo: A fístula orocutânea de origem dentária é uma condição incomum, bem documentada e geralmente requer tratamento de urgência. Esta condição pode ser confundida por médicos e dentistas com lesões ósseas, de pele, nas glândulas salivares, osteomielite, granuloma piogênico, cisto infectado, infecção fúngica, entre outras. Um caso de fístula facial que foi inicialmente diagnosticado por um médico como uma lesão não-odontogênica é apresentado e discutido. O tratamento de escolha foi a endodontia do dente envolvido, sem necessidade de cirurgia. A possibilidade de infecção dentária deve ser considerada em casos de fístula cutânea na região orofacial. O diagnóstico precoce e tratamento imediato podem minimizar o desconforto do paciente e problemas estéticos, além de reduzir a possibilidade de outras complicações, como osteomielite e sepse.

Combined use of different methods increased the detection ofthe second canal in MB roots, but without statistical difference among CBCT, operating microscope, Start X and clinical analysis.

ABSTRACT:The suitability of bovine and swine teeth has been evaluated when they are used as substitutes for extracted human teeth in varied researches. This study evaluated in vitro the marginal microleakage in human, bovine and swine enamel. Cubic cavities (2 x 2 x 2 mm 3 ) were prepared in enamel blocks from human, swine and bovine teeth. The cavities were filled with composite resin and conventional glass-ionomer cement. All the samples were thermocycled for 1,000 cycles (5 ± 2°C -55 ± 2°C) and immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 12 hours. The microleakage was quantified by a spectrophotometric technique. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test. The glass-ionomer cement presented significantly higher leakage means (µg/ml ± SD) than the composite resin for all substrates (0.0695 ± 0.01313 vs. 0.0471 ± 0.0163, p < 0.01). No significant differences were found between bovine and swine enamel (0.0668 ± 0.0246 vs. 0.0674 ± 0.0286); however, both presented statistically higher leakage means than human enamel (0.0407 ± 0.0195, p < 0.01). It was concluded that the microleakage pattern was affected by substrates, and that bovine and swine substrates allow higher marginal leakage than human substrates. The results indicate there should be precaution in the substitution of human substrate in laboratory studies of microleakage. DESCRIPTORS: Dental enamel; Glass ionomer cements; Composite resins. RESUMO:A adequação de dentes bovinos e suínos na substituição de dentes humanos extraídos tem sido avaliada em vários estudos. O objetivo deste estudo in vitro foi analisar o padrão de infiltração marginal em esmaltes humano, bovino e suíno. Cavidades cúbicas (2 x 2 x 2 mm 3 ) foram realizadas em blocos de esmalte obtidos de dentes molares humanos, incisivos bovinos e molares suínos. As cavidades foram restauradas com compósito resinoso fotopolimerizável e cimento de ionômero de vidro. Os espécimes foram submetidos à termociclagem por 1.000 ciclos entre 5 ± 2°C e 55 ± 2°C e imersos em azul de metileno a 2%, por 12 horas. A concentração de corante infiltrado foi medida, quantitativamente, através de espectrofotometria. Os dados foram transformados em µg/ml e submetidos à análise estatística ANOVA, seguida pelo teste de Tukey. As médias de infiltração marginal (µg/ml ± DP) nos esmaltes bovino e suíno não foram significativamente diferentes (0,0668 ± 0,0246 vs. 0,0674 ± 0,0286), mas foram superiores e estatisticamente diferentes (p < 0,01) das encontradas no esmalte humano (0,0407 ± 0,0195, p < 0,01), e as médias de infiltração marginal foram superiores nas restaurações realizadas com o cimento de iônomero de vidro (0,0695 ± 0,01313 vs. 0,0471 ± 0,0163, p < 0,01). Os resultados permitiram concluir que os substratos bovino e suíno permitem uma maior infiltração marginal que o esmalte humano, indicando que a capacidade de selamento marginal pode ser afetada por diferenças entre esses substratos. Os resultados indicam que se deve ter prudência na substituição do esmalte humano em estudos laboratoriais...

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Objective The adipose tissue represents an important reservoir of stem cells. There are few studies in the literature with which to histologically evaluate whether or not the adipose tissue graft is really a safe option to achieve bone repair. This study histologically analyzed the effect of fragmented autogenous adipose tissue grafts on bone healing in surgically created, critical-size defects (CSD) in a rabbit’s calvaria. Study design Forty-two New Zealand rabbits were used in this study. CSD that were 15 mm in diameter were created in the calvarium of each animal. The defects were randomly divided into two groups: in Group C (control), the defect was filled only by a blood clot and, in Group FAT (i.e., fragmented adipose tissue), the defect was filled with fragmented autogenous adipose tissue grafts. The groups were divided into subgroups (n = 7) for euthanasia at 7, 15, and 40 days after the procedure had been conducted. Histologic and histometric analyses were performed. Data were statistically analysed with ANOVA and Tukey’s tests (p < 0.05). Results The amount of bone formation did not show statistically significant differences seven days after the operation, which indicates that the groups had similar amounts of mineral deposition in the earlier period of the repair. Conversely, a significant of amount of bone matrix deposition was identified in the FAT group at 15 and 40 days following the operation, both on the border and in the body of the defect. Such an outcome was not found in the control group. Conclusion In this study, an autologous adipose tissue graft may be considered as likely biomaterial for bone regeneration, since it positively affected the amount of bone formation in surgically created CSD in the rabbits’ calvaria 40 days after the procedure had been performed. Further investigations with a longer time evaluation are warranted to determine the effectiveness of autologous adipose tissue graft in the bone healing. Key words:Adipose tissue, bone regeneration, rabbits, critical defects.