Fragmented adipose tissue graft for bone healing: Histological and histometric study in rabbits calvaria

Abstract

Objective The adipose tissue represents an important reservoir of stem cells. There are few studies in the literature with which to histologically evaluate whether or not the adipose tissue graft is really a safe option to achieve bone repair. This study histologically analyzed the effect of fragmented autogenous adipose tissue grafts on bone healing in surgically created, critical-size defects (CSD) in a rabbit’s calvaria. Study design Forty-two New Zealand rabbits were used in this study. CSD that were 15 mm in diameter were created in the calvarium of each animal. The defects were randomly divided into two groups: in Group C (control), the defect was filled only by a blood clot and, in Group FAT (i.e., fragmented adipose tissue), the defect was filled with fragmented autogenous adipose tissue grafts. The groups were divided into subgroups (n = 7) for euthanasia at 7, 15, and 40 days after the procedure had been conducted. Histologic and histometric analyses were performed. Data were statistically analysed with ANOVA and Tukey’s tests (p < 0.05). Results The amount of bone formation did not show statistically significant differences seven days after the operation, which indicates that the groups had similar amounts of mineral deposition in the earlier period of the repair. Conversely, a significant of amount of bone matrix deposition was identified in the FAT group at 15 and 40 days following the operation, both on the border and in the body of the defect. Such an outcome was not found in the control group. Conclusion In this study, an autologous adipose tissue graft may be considered as likely biomaterial for bone regeneration, since it positively affected the amount of bone formation in surgically created CSD in the rabbits’ calvaria 40 days after the procedure had been performed. Further investigations with a longer time evaluation are warranted to determine the effectiveness of autologous adipose tissue graft in the bone healing. Key words:Adipose tissue, bone regeneration, rabbits, critical defects.

Copaiba oil effect on experimental jaw defect in Wistar rats

“…The two grafting materials seemed to perform in a similar way concerning their contribution to bone formation which is consistent whit other studies 1,2,4,5,20 . They appeared to be osteoconductive, leading to a mineralized bone matrix with osteoblasts and chronic inflammatory infiltrate.…”

“…Among bone grafts, various types of hydroxyapatite, deproteinized bovine bone matrix and synthetic glasses have been largely tested on bone tissue engineering 1 . Due to its limited availability and morbidity, the autogenous bone graft as well as an inadequate potential osteoinductive and osteoconductive of the allograft, research has been conducted to develop new bone substitutes to improve bone healing 2 .…”

Critical size defects for bone regeneration experiments in rabbit calvariae: systematic review and quality evaluation using ARRIVE guidelines

“…; Oliveira et al. ). Rectangular defects Defects of 15 × 13 mm are critical up to 12 weeks (Clokie et al. ). Defects of 15 × 10 mm are critical up to 12 weeks (Haddad et al.…”

Bone grafting materials in critical defects in rabbit calvariae. A systematic review and quality evaluation using ARRIVE guidelines

“…Studies performed in rabbit calvariae have found that defects of over 15 mm can be considered critical (Hollinger et al 1989;Hollinger & Kleinschmidt 1990;Schmitz & Hollinger, 1996). The present review found that 15 mm defects were frequently used in the studies included (Kleinschmidt et al 1993;Clokie et al 2002;Kroese-Deutmanx et al 2006;Hadad et al 2006;Nagata et al 2009;Di Bella et al 2008;Humber et al 2010;Ma et al 2010;Dumas et al 2012;Gomes et al 2012;Kim et al 2012;Oliveira et al 2013), but some used smaller defects (Wong & Rabie 1999;Pripatnanont et al 2007;Moxham et al 2007;Pripatnanont et al 2009;Borie et al 2011;Lin et al 2013;Calvo-Guirado et al 2014;Cabrejos Azama et al (2014).…”

“…At 6 weeks, fragmented adipose tissue (Oliveira et al 2013 5. Dispersion graphic for connective tissue.…”