In the 21st century with the industrial era 4.0, teachers and students are required to be technology literate. Then, the Covid-19 that emerged at the end of 2019 greatly affected the education sector. One of the chemistry materials in class XI in exact fields that are quite difficult to understand is thermochemistry because it is abstract. Learning models that guide students to learn independently, such as the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model are needed. The purpose of this study was to develop electronic teaching materials in the form of project-based Electronic Student Worksheets (e-SW) on thermochemical materials and to test their validity and practicality. Project-based e-SW on thermochemical materials was developed using the Plomp development model. The results of the material and media validation analysis were calculated using the Aiken's V formula and the results of the practicality analysis were calculated using the percentage of practicality. The results of material and media validation are 0.88 and 0.89 with very valid categories. The results of the practicality of students in the small group were 89.86% in the very practical category, while the practical results of students and teachers in the field test were 87.21% and 89.03% in the very practical category.

The concept is an understanding of an individual or a group of people who is expressed in the form of a meaning that produces knowledge. Misconceptions of students that appear continuously will interfere with the formation of scientific conceptions and can affect student learning outcomes. Therefore it is necessary to analyze the misconceptions of students. One of the diagnostic tests that can be used is a two-tier multiple choice test or known as a two-tier multiple choice, the first level is the question being tested while the second level contains the reasons for the answer to the first level. This study aims to analyze misconceptions and determine the percentage of students' misconceptions on hydrocarbon material using descriptive methods. The subjects were 27 students of class XI IPA 2 in SMA Pertiwi 1 Padang. The research instrument was a Two Tier Multiple Choice diagnostic test by dividing students' conceptual understanding into the categories of conceptual understanding, misconception, and conceptual misunderstanding. The results showed that the percentage of students' conceptual understanding in the concept understanding category was 31%, misconception was 36%, and did not understand the concept by 34% on hydrocarbon material. Students' misconceptions on hydrocarbon material at SMA Pertiwi 1 Padang were categorized as moderate. Konsep merupakan pemahaman individu atau sekelompok orang yang diungkapkan dalam bentuk pengertian yang menghasilkan suatu pengetahuan. Miskonsepsi peserta didik yang muncul terus menerus akan mengganggu pembentukan konsepsi ilmiah dan dapat mempengaruhi hasil belajar peserta didik. Oleh sebab itu perlu dilakukan analisis miskonsepsi peserta didik. Salah satu tes diagnostik yang dapat digunakan adalah tes pilihan ganda bertingkat dua atau dikenal sebagai two-tier multiple choice, tingkat pertama merupakan pertanyaan yang diujikan sedangkan tingkat kedua berisi alasan atas jawaban pada tingkat pertama. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis miskonsepsi dan menentukan persentase miskonsepsi peserta didik pada materi hidrokarbon dengan metode deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas XI IPA 2 di SMA Pertiwi 1 Padang yang berjumlah 27 orang. Instrumen penelitian berupa tes diagnostik Two Tier Multiple Choice dengan membagi pemahaman konsep peserta didik dalam kategori paham konsep, miskonsepsi, dan tidak paham konsep. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase pemahaman konsep peserta didik pada kategori paham konsep sebesar 31%, miskonsepsi sebesar 36%, dan tidak paham konsep sebesar 34% pada materi hidrokarbon. Miskonsepsi peserta didik pada materi hidrokarbon di SMA Pertiwi 1 Padang termasuk kriteria sedang.

Synthesis is one of the models for the formation of a new drug or compound with the aim of obtaining better activity at an economical price. HPMpFBP has been synthesized by mixing of 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone and 4-fluorobenzoyl chloride. In the synthesis of HPMpFBP, a new compound namely 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-5-pyrozolone has been obtained. The sample then characterized by non-invasive methods using Raman spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy and FTIR. Through this characterization process, wavelength information, chemical shift, and functional groups (chemical structure) of HPMpFBP samples were obtained. HPMpFBP has a chemical structure of C17H13N2O2F, the highest wavelength carried out by characterization using Raman is 1643.91 cm-1, the highest chemical shift characterized by using NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) is 7.8628 ppm, and the functional groups identified by using FTIR are (O-H, C-H, C=C, C=O, C-N). Information from the HPMpFBP sample characterization process using mentioned characterization methods was compared with previously reported results.

Penelitian literatur sensor glukosa dilakukan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan data spesifikasi desain dari penelitian terdahulu untuk mengetahui material yang berpotensi dikembangkan pada penelitian selanjutnya. Dalam studi literatur digunakan pencarian artikel penelitian dengan menginput kata kunci. Database yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Google Scholar. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis data hasil uji respon dari jenis material kimia yang berbeda. Penelitian yang dipilih adalah yang menggunakan pengukuran glukosa dalam darah dengan metode voltametri. Elektroda yang digunakan sama untuk semua penelitian, yaitu Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE). Data uji respon meliputi limit deteksi, linier range dan sensitivitas. Data tersebut menunjukan karakter minimun kualitas sensor glukosa. Sensor akan semakin baik jika sensitivitas tinggi, limit deteksi rendah dan linier range yang lebar.