Discute-se sobre o papel da regulação e, em específico, das agências reguladoras como instituição estratégica, com aptidão para estimular a promoção da universalização dos serviços públicos, no corte realizado no presente estudo, de abastecimento de água no Brasil. Para tanto, apresenta-se alguns aspectos conceituais da universalização de serviços e como esse conceito sofreu modificações, para em seguida tratar propriamente dos desafios da universalização para os serviços de abastecimento de água no Brasil. Num segundo momento, faz-se uma breve explanação da função regulatória no contexto dos serviços públicos e de que formas, na especificidade, pode a regulação, realizada através das agências reguladoras, promover indiretamente a universalização dos serviços. A análise é realizada com base especialmente na Lei n. 11.445/2007, que traça as diretrizes gerais dos serviços públicos de saneamento básico.
The assessment of the differences in results obtained from various micromechanics homogenization schemes, as well as the implications of assuming different volume fraction profiles was carried out in the present work. The functionally graded composite chosen for the analysis was Al-SiC and comparisons were made in terms of stress and strain distributions along the wall of an internally pressurized hollow cylinder. Different micromechanics homogenization schemes were implemented into Abaqus as user-defined subroutines (UMAT). The numerical simulations were compared to a set of analytical solutions available on the literature. The obtained results varied substantially according to the homogenization scheme employed. It was also found that the type of function chosen to describe the volume fraction distribution plays a major role on the development of the hoop stresses. Additionally, the finite element analysis showed significant stress variation when the actual volume fraction distribution was used. These gradients did not appear when the same profile was approximated by smooth exponential functions. This paper points out some important issues related to common practices associated with the analysis of FGM composites and serves as an overture to a more in-depth discussion of such problems.
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