Any economic activity carried out by an organization, can generate a wide range of environmental implications. Particularly important, must be considered the activities that have a significant negative effect on the environment, meaning those which pollute. Being known the harmful effects of pollution on the human health, the paper presents two models of utmost importance, one of the material environment-economy interactions balance and the other of the material flows between environmental factors and socio-economic activities. The study of these models enable specific conditions that must be satisfied for the economic processes friendly coexist to the environment for long term, meaning to have a minimal impact in that the residues resulting from the economic activity of the organization to be as less harmful to the environment.
Abstract. Noise pollution is one of the most important negative effects of road traffic, especially in cities. The current paper presents an attempt to reduce the noise level created by the road traffic along some main roads in the city of Sibiu, Romania by suggesting ways to optimize the traffic flow. The number of cars and the resulting noise levels were recorded in a key area of Sibiu. The noise levels were compared to standards and to measurements taken in areas with less traffic. Then, they were fed, together with road geometry data, into a specialized simulation software that allowed the computer-aided reproduction of the traffic flow, but also the modifying of conditions such as the road geometry to achieve, coupled with a multicriterial analysis, an optimization of the pedestrian and road traffic flow in view of a reduced noise pollution.
Ergonomic design of the workplace is a matter of utmost importance. Ergonomics should consider reducing the high number of accidents as well as the high amounts paid for insurance. In recent years there have been numerous injuries due to cumulative trauma or due to psychological, sociological and ethical factors. Operators often adapt to improper work conditions, but the number of accidents increases and productivity decreases. The driver of the vehicle must be provided with a suitable space and position so that his posture is physiologically comfortable, does not cause excessive fatigue and illness, there is freedom of movement to drive the steering wheel, steering levers and pedals, which must be accessible and placed in such a way that the driver’s requirements are minimal and the visibility is ensured. In the paper there will be presented elements for the ergonomic design of the workplace for the motor vehicle occupation and will be taken into account several factors involved among which we mention the correct positioning of the seat adjustment while driving a car, adjusting the backrest and seat, adjusting the lumbar support, adjusting the steering position, adjusting the headrests to ensure that in the event of an accident, the risk of a head injury is very small.
Abstract.The current paper presents a computer-aided analysis of the way in which a natural gas storage created in a depleted gas deposit and the associated gas collection network are operated, both during the extraction phase and during the injection phase. In a first step, an analysis is carried out on a two-dimensional, nonstationary model for the gas storage, based on the deposit's geometry and the rock properties, but also on the gas motions. Also, a dynamic simulation of the injection and extraction processes is unfolded, allowing the study and optimisation of elements such as well placement and gas flows through the wells with the goal of maximising the storable gas quantities. A second model is then generated for the gas collection network associated with the natural gas storage, using the simulation software Simone. Its main benefit is allowing the simulation and modelling of nonstationary flows through the network. The two models are closely interconnected, in that for the extraction stage, the output from the first model is used as input for modelling the collection network, while for the injection phase, the results from modelling the collection network are used as entry data for the gas storage model.
Castability is, along with biocompatibility, one of the most important characteristics of metallic materials used for dental prosthetic applications. In addition, the characteristics and performance of the employed casting machine are also decisive for the end result of the casting, especially when dealing with titanium or a titanium alloy. Starting from a critical analysis of the existing methods for determining the castability of dental alloys, the current paper presents a new method (and associated pattern) for determining the castability. Also, given the castability’s dependence on the type of casting machine, the paper includes an analysis of suitable casting machines and suggests some possible improvements.
Abstract. Establishing which metallic materials are suitable to be used for the protection of operators and machinery, when subjected to stress impact in the drilling industry, for surface exploitation, mines and quarries, is a complex process. Due to the harsh operating conditions, a careful evaluation of the various materials used is of utmost importance. This paper addresses the issues relating to the methodology of determining the appropriate homogenous materials to be used, based on a correspondence between their characteristics and applications. Starting with a list of specific operating conditions, one has established a set of requirements and has assessed the market; the recommended materials for the job are alloy steels and aluminum alloys.
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