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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the movement of impacted canines away from the roots of neighboring teeth before full-mouth bracket placement, performed by means of TADs to decrease undesired side effects on adjacent teeth. Methods: The study sample consisted of 34 palatally impacted canines, being 19 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group. In the experimental group, before placement of brackets, the impacted canine was erupted by means of miniscrews. In the control group, after initiation of comprehensive orthodontics, canine disimpaction was performed by means of a cantilever spring soldered to a palatal bar. At the end of treatment, volume of lateral incisors and canine root resorption were measured and compared by means of a CBCT-derived tridimensional model. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, bleeding on probing (BOP) and gingival index (GI) were recorded. Clinical success rate was also calculated. Results: The volume of root resorption of lateral teeth in the control group was significantly greater than in the experimental group (p < 0.001). At the end of treatment, VAS score, GI and BOP were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Based on our results, it seems that disimpaction of canines and moving them to the arch can be done successfully carried out with minimal side effects by means of skeletal anchorage.

Background and Objectives. Charcoal-containing toothpastes have become popular among many patients; however, there is inadequate scientific evidence on oral health. This study aimed to evaluate the color change, surface microhardness, and roughness of bovine enamel and composite resin submitted to simulated toothbrushing with a whitening toothpaste containing activated charcoal. Methods. Thirty-six bovine incisors and resin composite samples were prepared, stained with black tea, and then randomly divided into two groups. The samples were brushed with a charcoal-containing toothpaste (Colgate® MAX WHITE) and daily toothpaste (Colgate® Max Fresh) for 10,000 cycles. Before and after brushing cycles, color variables (ΔL, Δa, Δb), total color change (ΔE), plus Vickers microhardness were evaluated. Two samples of each group were prepared for surface roughness assessment via atomic force microscope. Data were analyzed by Shapiro–Wilk, Independent sample t-test and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results. According to the obtained results, ΔE and ΔL were significantly higher whereas Δa and Δb were noticeably lower in charcoal-containing toothpaste group in comparison with daily toothpaste in both composite and enamel samples. The microhardness of samples brushed with Colgate® MAX WHITE was significantly higher than that of Colgate® Max Fresh in enamel ( P = 0.04 ), whereas no significant difference was found in composite resin samples ( P = 0.23 ). Colgate® MAX WHITE enhanced the roughness of both enamel and composite surfaces. Conclusion. The charcoal-containing toothpaste could improve the color of both enamel and resin composite with no negative effect on microhardness. Nevertheless, its adverse roughening effect should be considered occasionally on composite restorations.

: Periodontal disease is one of the most common causes of tooth loss among adults. Research shows that inflammation is one of the crucial components in the initiation and progression of periodontitis. Various herbal medicines have recently been receiving attention for the management of periodontitis owing to their general safety and efficacy. Curcumin, a bioactive polyphenol extracted from Curcuma longa, has been shown to possess antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Several studies have assessed the efficacy of curcumin against periodontal diseases. These studies have shown equivalent or even higher efficacy of curcumin compared to the commonly used medications for the management of periodontitis such as chlorhexidine. Herein, we review the experimental and clinical findings on the anti-periodontitis effects of curcumin and the pharmacological mechanisms underlying these effects.

: The prevalence of periodontitis is around 20-50% of global population. If not treated, it can cause of tooth loss. Periodontal treatment aims at preserving the patient's teeth from various methods, including infection control and restoring lost periodontal tissue. The periodontium has great biological regenerative potential, and several biomaterials can be used to improve the outcome of periodontal treatment. To achieve the goal of periodontal tissue regeneration, numerous studies have used fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) to stimulate regeneration of both soft tissue and bone. : FGF2 induced significant increment of the percentage of bone fill, bone mineral levels of the defect sites, length of the regenerated periodontal ligament, angiogenesis, connective tissue formation on the root surface, formation of dense fibers bound to alveolar bone and newly synthesized cementum in teeth. This review will open further avenues to better understand of FGF2 therapy for periodontal regeneration.

: Periodontal diseases are highly prevalent and can affect high percentage of the world population. Oxidative stress and inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Nowadays, more attention has been focused on the herbal remedies in the field of drug discovery. Green tea is an important source of polyphenol antioxidants, it has long been used as a beverage worldwide. The most interesting polyphenol components of green tea leaves that are related with health benefits are the catechins. Taken together this review suggested that green tea with its wide spectrum of activities could be a healthy alternative for controlling the damaging reactions seen in periodontal diseases.

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Green tea has been used as a traditional medicine since 2700 BC and several studies have shown that green tea polyphenols inhibit the growth of oral and periodontal pathogenic bacteria and can improve oral and gingival health. In this clinical study we investigated the effect of green tea mouthwash on microbial dental plaque and gingival inflammation following periodontal surgery. A total of 34 crown lengthening surgeries were included in this study. After removing periodontal dressing, green tea mouthwash for the test group and placebo for the patients in the control group were prescribed, and periodontal parameters were assessed at base line and after 2 weeks. Analysis of the data revealed the significant effect of green tea mouthwash on reducing Plaque index (PI), Gingival Index (GI) and Bleeding on probing (BOP). Therefore it would be recommended as a safe, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial mouthwash for treating gingival inflammation and maintaining oral and gingival health