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The aim of study was to compare the effects of supplementation of food with herbal oils (Thymus vulgaris and Foeniculum vulgare) on biochemical properties and electrolytes of rainbow trout infected with Yersinia ruckeri. In total, 120 healthy fish (mean weight 84 ± 1.02 g) were equally divided into four experimental groups. The experimental study was carried out for one week. The first group was control without supplementation and infection, the second group was infected and without oil supplementation, the third group was supplemented with oils (10 ml·100 g -1 rates) for one week and infected with Y. ruckeri and the last group was oil supplemented without infection. Results indicated that fish fed with dietary supplements showed enhanced bactericidal activity, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride and bilirubin compared to the control (P < 0.05). As the value of herbal oils was increased in diets, the plasma glucose level decreased. The levels of K, Na, Ca, and Mg increased whereas Cl values decreased, compared to the control. It can be concluded that diet supplementation with herb oils used in this study can increase disease resistance by increasing levels of some biochemical parameters and electrolytes in rainbow trout to Y. ruckeri infection.

Objective / Purpose: Bacteria causes one of the most common types of chronic mastitis. The most common causative organisms of mastitis include: Staphylococci, Streptococci and coliforms. The scope of this work was to research the antibacterial effects of Piper nigrum extracts against mastitis pathogens, and its antioxidant capacity. Materials and Methods: In our study, 2 Staphylococcus aureus and 5 Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus were used for experiments. Additionally, Piper nigrum were collected from Mugla herbalists in Turkey. The plant extracts were tested by disc diffusion assay for antibacterial activity. The antioxidant activities of plant extracts were also determined by ABTS [2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] method. Results: The methanol extract of plant showed maximum inhibition zone against 2 bacteria. MIC values of extracts are 6500 μg/mL. The value found in ABTS method is highly effective (75.7%). Discussion/Conclusion: As a result, the in vitro studies indicate that the extracts of Piper nigrum have significant antibacterial and antioxidant activities. In addition to, the plant extracts could be used in treating mastitis caused by the test bacteria.

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Use of a simpler, faster and reliable method for identification of species of origin in fresh and processed meat products is required to prevent unethical practices that may occur in the meat industry. The effectiveness of a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method for identification of fresh meats from cattle, goat, sheep, camel, pork, wild swine, donkey, cat, dog, rabbit or bear origin was evaluated using a 10‐base primer (ACGACCCACG). The method was also used to determine the species in a 1 : 1 mix of raw minced meat from sheep‐pork, horse‐beef or beef‐sheep. Characteristic RAPD profiles for each species were obtained. However, efficacy of the technique in identifying species in meat mixtures varied depending on the species in the mix. These results indicate that RAPD may be useful for identification of meat samples from single species, such as intact meat samples, whereas caution should be exercised in identification of origin of species in minced meat that may consist of multiple species.