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This paper presents an inkjet printed textile antenna realised using a novel fabrication methodology. Conventionally, it is very difficult to inkjet print onto textiles due to surface roughness. This paper demonstrates how this can be overcome by developing an interface coated layer which bonds to a standard polyester cotton fabric, creating a smooth surface. A planar dipole antenna has been fabricated, simulated and measured. This paper includes DC resistance, RF reflection coefficient results and antenna radiation patterns.Efficiencies of greater than 60% have been achieved with only one layer of conducting ink.The paper demonstrates that the interface layer saves considerable time and cost in terms of the number of inkjet layers needed whilst also improving the printing resolution.

Abstract.Simulated and measured microstrip patch antennas produced using embroidery techniques have been presented. The antennas use a standard microwave substrate material. The effect of stitch direction and stitch density is described and a clear requirement to understand how the currents flow in an antenna so that the stitch direction can be correctly chosen is shown. Two different simulation approaches for these antennas are discussed and one is linked to measurement results, pointing to a simplified model for simulating embroidered patch antennas. 2 1. Introduction.

Two examples of fabric based frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) are presented. The FSSs are produced by using screen printing and weaving. Both measured and simulated data are presented showing excellent agreement and performance for the FSSs when compared with the simulated data. The performance of these samples points towards a useful screening technique using fabric hangings and wall coverings in a range of applications where temporary electromagnetic wave ingress or egress needs to be controlled. grant awarded to the authors by Loughborough University. Fig. 2a is reproduced courtesy of Matthew Broughton of the School of the Arts at Loughborough University.

This letter presents a method of fabricating wearable antennas by embroidering novel fine copper yarn. In this work, fine copper wires are first twisted together to create a physically strong and yet flexible thread. A digital embroidery machine was used to create dipole antennas. The dc resistance of the antenna arms along with the return loss, radiation patterns, and efficiency of the antennas have been measured. The results are compared to embroidered dipoles using commercially available conductive threads and etched copper antennas.Index Terms-Copper wire, embroidered antennas, fabric antennas, wearable electronics.

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Abstract-This paper examines the advantages and challenges of creating microwave patch antennas using conducting threads. The antennas are produced using automated embroidery machinery that could be easily scaled up to mass manufacture. Textile patch antennas are designed that resonate between 2 and 2.7GHz depending on the substrate. Different stitch directions and compositions were considered. Measured gain and efficiency results are included in this paper.