IntroductionThe high burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in young children disproportionately occurs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The PROUD (Preventing RespiratOry syncytial virUs in unDerdeveloped countries) Taskforce of 24 RSV worldwide experts assessed key needs for RSV prevention in LMICs, including vaccine and newer preventive measures.MethodsA global, survey-based study was undertaken in 2021. An online questionnaire was developed following three meetings of the Taskforce panellists wherein factors related to RSV infection, its prevention and management were identified using iterative questioning. Each factor was scored, by non-panellists interested in RSV, on a scale of zero (very-low-relevance) to 100 (very-high-relevance) within two scenarios: (1) Current and (2) Future expectations for RSV management.ResultsNinety questionnaires were completed: 70 by respondents (71.4% physicians; 27.1% researchers/scientists) from 16 LMICs and 20 from nine high-income (HI) countries (90.0% physicians; 5.0% researchers/scientists), as a reference group. Within LMICs, RSV awareness was perceived to be low, and management was not prioritised. Of the 100 factors scored, those related to improved diagnosis particularly access to affordable point-of-care diagnostics, disease burden data generation, clinical and general education, prompt access to new interventions, and engagement with policymakers/payers were identified of paramount importance. There was a strong need for clinical education and local data generation in the lowest economies, whereas upper-middle income countries were more closely aligned with HI countries in terms of current RSV service provision.ConclusionSeven key actions for improving RSV prevention and management in LMICs are proposed.
Copyright Chermont et al. Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado.
The proportion of infants who seroconverted was similar to that found in other Brazilian studies. There were no differences in the proportion seroconverting by age at first immunization.
Objetivo: Revisar a doença hemorrágica do recém-nascido, os diferentes esquemas de profilaxia com vitamina K existentes e seus impactos na morbimortalidade dos recém-nascidos devido a recusa parental. Revisão bibliográfica: Os recém-nascidos apresentam maior risco para evoluir com sangramentos devido a algumas peculiaridades, como: má transferência placentária para o feto no pré-natal, níveis reduzidos de fatores de coagulação dependentes de vitamina K e menor capacidade de armazenamento. O sangramento por deficiência de vitamina K pode ser categorizado com base no tempo de início (precoce, clássico e tardio) e na etiologia (idiopática ou secundária). Diante disso, desde 1961 a Academia Americana de Pediatria recomenda a administração de injeção intramuscular (IM) única na dose de 0.5 a 1.0 mg de vitamina K após o nascimento a todos os recém-nascidos. Embora essa profilaxia seja universalmente recomendada, foi observado que a prevenção usando a via oral tornou-se mais difundida devido a uma recusa parental crescente nas últimas décadas. Considerações finais: Foi constatado que o método tradicional por via intramuscular ainda apresenta menores índices de hemorragias tardias e morbimortalidade em relação à terapia oral.
Objetivo: Comparar a eficácia de dois métodos de ensino de SBV, para leigos, observando a diferença na taxa retenção de informações a curto e médio prazos. Métodos: Estudo de coorte com 28 alunos do ensino médio de escola pública na cidade de Manaus, divididos em dois grupos: Grupo A (treinamento teórico) e Grupo B (treinamento teórico-prático). A amostragem foi não probabilística e os treinamentos realizados com auxílio de materiais didáticos específicos e aplicação de pré-teste, pós-teste imediatamente após o treinamento e pós-teste após três meses. Na análise estatística os dados foram distribuídos através de médias, desvio–padrão e valores relativos. Para a comparação das médias de desempenho de ambos os grupos foi utilizado o teste t-Student, adotando-se o nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas no desempenho dos dois grupos nos três momentos de avaliação. A taxa de retenção em curto prazo foi considerada excelente para os dois grupos. Em médio prazo (três meses) ficou evidente o declínio da retenção dos conteúdos teóricos, mesmo o desempenho ter sido considerado razoável. Conclusão: Concluímos ser necessário treinamentos a intervalos regulares para população leiga e que esses treinamentos sejam iniciados ainda no ensino médio.
BACKGROUND: Brazil is a large country with an elevated incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) during pregnancy and variable access to health care. The objective of the study was to identify ophthalmia neonatorum prophylaxis practices in the country. METHODS: A prospective multidisciplinary survey was conducted using a closed social media group. Fifteen questions were developed after literature review. Specific content included categorization of respondents and practices such as type of medication, age at administration, occurrence of clinical and/or chemical conjunctivitis and microbiology identification. Questions were multiple choice, but some allowed written response. RESULTS: A total of 1.015 professionals responded, representing 24 states (92%) and 181 cities; mainly neonatologists (64%) and general pediatricians (21%). 96% of respondents reported performing prophylaxis at their institutions, mostly at birth or <1 h of life (99%), and regardless the mode of delivery (73%). Frequently used medications are: 1% silver nitrate (64%), 2.5% povidone iodine (18%) or 10% silver vitelinate (12%), with some regional variations. Occurrence of chemical conjunctivitis was stated by 58% of the respondents and microbiology identification was unusual. CONCLUSIONS: Ophthalmia neonatorum prophylaxis Brazil is almost universal and mainly performed by the use of anti-septic medications, with some regional variability. However, identification and treatment of CT and NG in both parents and newborns is not accomplished.
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