Virtual reality technologies are actively applied for the organization of professional training in various industries, as well as in distance learning. However, numerous studies show the presence of a large number of negative factors that limit the effectiveness of using these technologies (united by the concept of "cybersickness"). The study, identification and reduction in the influence of these negative factors will increase the immersiveness and quality of the professional training process. Within the framework of this study, several hypotheses have been put forward regarding the negative and positive impact of VR technologies on the process of professional training, the coal and mining industry has been chosen as the subject area. Thus, the problem of effective training of miners for activities in regular and emergency situations is considered, in the latter case, VR technologies would allow forming the necessary set of skills and knowledge about actions in emergency situations. To confirm the declared hypotheses, an experimental group of 30 people was formed, corresponding to the trained miners by age characteristics. Based on the analysis, a list of quantitative and qualitative metrics for evaluating interaction with virtual reality was formed, the software of virtual scenes for two tasks (moving simple objects and a set of exercises in a virtual mine) was developed. The experimental group repeatedly performed these exercises, which allowed us to analyze the dynamics of changes in the average values of quantitative and qualitative metrics. The data obtained were processed by statistical tests (Shapiro–Wilk, Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney), which allowed us to assess the impact of the selected configurations (with and without VR) and the number of attempts on the selected metrics. The obtained results partially or completely confirmed the declared hypotheses and allowed us to form a list of recommendations for the organization of high-quality professional training using virtual reality technologies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10055-022-00687-7.
During the use of virtual training complexes for the training of specialists in the engineering, chemical, mining industries, in the course of numerous studies, the negative impact of virtual reality on the physical state of a person is noted. These include various types of motion sickness, dizziness, nausea, disorientation in space. Therefore, an actual task is researching of causes and the degree of influence of negative factors using virtual reality technologies. To track negative effects, an algorithm for analyzing user’s state has been developed, which allows collect data of person’s state during the interacting with virtual reality. The algorithm allows fixing quantitative and qualitative metrics. Calculation of metrics is formalized in a mathematical model of process of the virtual reality influence on a person. Algorithm and model are tested on example of an exercise on moving simple virtual objects, data is obtained on a focus group of young specialists. Dynamics of changing quantitative and qualitative metrics is evaluated; it received an idea of degree of influence of negative effects on studying process.
The implementation of training complexes based on virtual reality for the training of specialists in machine-building, chemical, mining and other industries is associated with the need to solve a number of tasks. These include simulating various physical processes (temperature, humidity, and air pressure), loads (speed of movement and angle of inclination of the surface), and other external factors that cannot be reliably simulated in virtual reality. Therefore, an urgent task is to integrate various simulation systems into the software and hardware platform of virtual training complexes, which will provide a realistic immersion in the subject area due to virtual reality, as well as simulate the necessary external influences on the student. The paper considers this process by the example of integration of a simulation system of physical loads into virtual training complexes. The basis of the simulation system under consideration is a controlled treadmill. The use of treadmills allows students to develop muscle memory, perform physical training and increase the degree of immersion in virtual reality, which positively affects the effectiveness of their training. However, their integration requires the solution of a number of practical tasks for the transfer of information between the individual subsystems of the virtual training complex. The paper considers algorithms and software for solving these problems. The described approaches can be used to integrate various simulation systems into the software and hardware platform of virtual training complexes for the organization of comprehensive training of specialists.
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