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SUMMARY: Achatina fulica's secretion has been recently related to antibacterial, antifungal, and cicatricial properties, and it is influenced by the kind of food offered. Therefore, this study investigated the healing potential of dressing films based on mucous secretion of Achatina fulica. Thus, surgical wounds performed in black wistar rats were dressed with films based on collagen, and on mucous secretion of A. fulica fed with Lactuca sativa; undresses worked as wounds control. After 3, 7, 14 and 21 days the animals were euthanized, and the wounds were microscopically evaluated. On the 3rd and 7th days dressing films based on mucus provided acceleration of the formation maturation of granulation tissue, better epithelization rates, and more rapid replacement of type III for type I collagen fibers. On the 14th and 21st days, these dressings induced more intense deposition and better architectural disposition of type I collagen fibers, and hastened the regeneration of cutaneous phaneros. Dressings obtained from A. fulica fed with Lactuca sativa provided the most expressive results. This study suggests that films produced with mucous secretion of A. fulica can be successfully employed as wound dressing, particularly if snails are fed with Lactuca sativa.

Abstract:We investigated the effect of oral administration of hydroalcoholic extract of Brazilian red propolis (HERP) on DMBA-induced oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) in rodents. The chemical components of the HERP were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Carcinogenesis was topically induced in the lower lip of 25 rats using 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA); the tumour was treated with saline (TUM1) and Tween 80 (TUM2) as well as HERP at 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg (HERP10, HERP50 and HERP100, respectively) for 20 weeks. Topical application of saline and oral administration of 100 mg/kg HERP was used in five rats as a control group (CTR). After 26 weeks, the histological malignancy grading and immunohistochemical expression of INK4A were assessed in the tumours/tissue samples. The compounds identified were propyl gallate, daidzein, catechin, epicatechin, formononetin and biochanin A. Formononetin, daidzein and biochanin A showed concentration of 23.29, 0.38 and 0.67 mg/g of HERP, respectively. HERP at doses of 50 and 100 mg/ kg inhibited 40% of OSCC growth and promoted a 3-week delay in development of clinically detectable tumours. Epithelial dysplasia was observed in all samples with no clinical tumour, except in CTR. No significant difference in the immunoexpression of INK4A was observed between HERP-treated and saline/Tween 80-treated groups (p > 0.05). Our results suggest that HERP exerts chemopreventive activity on the progression of DMBA-induced epithelial dysplasia to OSCC in an experimental model of labial carcinogenesis; however, this effect is not associated with Ki-67 and p16INK4A immunoexpression.Propolis is a natural, resinous hive product that honeybees manufacture by mixing their own waxes and salivary secretions with resins collected from cracks in tree barks and leaf buds [1]. Propolis samples from different regions of Brazil display different colours and chemical compositions, depending on the local flora at the site of collection [2]. Brazilian green propolis, derived from Baccharis dracunculifolia (Asteraceae) [3], is the most popular and well-studied Brazilian propolis.In the last few years, a red variety of Brazilian propolis has been described and characterized by various authors [4][5][6], demonstrating that the botanical origin influences directly its chemical composition. Isoflavones are chemical constituents usually identified in ethanolic extracts of red propolis, being formononetin, daidzein and biochanin A more often found [5,7].Brazilian

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BackgroundThe present study was carried out to evaluate antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil from R. maritima (RMO) in experimental protocols.MethodsThe essential oil from the roots and rhizomes of RMO were obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus, and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Here, we evaluated free radical scavenging activities and antioxidant potential of RMO using in vitro assays for scavenging activity against hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radicals, and nitric oxide. The total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP) and total antioxidant reactivity (TAR) indexes and in vitro lipoperoxidation were also evaluated. The ability of RMO to prevent lipid peroxidation was measured by quantifying thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). NO radical generated at physiological pH was found to be inhibited by RMO, that showed scavenging effect upon SNP-induced NO production at all concentrations. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated by acetic acid writhing reflex, Formalin-induced nociception and Carrageenan-induced edema test.ResultsThe majors compounds identified was remirol (43.2%), cyperene (13.8%), iso-evodionol (5.8%), cyperotundone (5.7%), caryophyllene oxide (4.9%), and rotundene (4.6%). At the TRAP assay, RMO concentration of 1 mg.mL−1 showed anti-oxidant effects and at concentration of 1 and 10 ng.mL−1 RMO showed pro-oxidant effect. RMO at 1 mg.mL−1 also showed significant anti-oxidant capacity in TAR measurement. Concentrations of RMO from 1 ng.mL−1 to 100 μg.mL−1 enhanced the AAPH-induced lipoperoxidation. RMO reduced deoxyribose oxidative damage, induced by the Fenton reaction induction system, at concentrations from 1 ng.mL−1 to 100 μg.mL−1. We observed that RMO caused a significant increase in rate of adrenaline auto-oxidation. On the other hand RMO did not present any scavenging effect in H2O2 formation in vitro. The results of this study revealed that RMO has both peripheral and central analgesic properties. The RMO, all doses, orally (p.o.) administered significantly inhibited (p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) the acetic acid-induced writhings and two phases of formalin-induced nociception in mice.ConclusionThe RMO demonstrated antioxidant and analgesic profile which may be related to the composition of the oil.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1472-6882-14-514) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

BACKGROUND: The present study describes the design and production of an oil-in-water nanoemulsion composed of neem oil as the inner phase for use as an antifungal and antiparasitic control in aquaculture. A 2 3 central composite rotatable design adopting surface response was used as the experimental design, setting the neem oil concentration (4-15%), surfactant concentration (0.5-10%) and sonication power (20-90%) as the independent variables, while the droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential were set as the response (dependent) variables.RESULTS: Droplet size and PDI showed the best results using the sonication method with 5 min of process. The coefficients of determination were greater than 0.900 for all response. The best formulation was obtained with 9% of neem oil and 5.25% of polysorbate 20.CONCLUSION: Antifungal activity of the optimized nanoemulsion against Saprolegnia parasitica was demonstrated, also attributed to the presence of the surfactant. Concentrations of 200 mg L −1 of nanoemulsion resulted in 100% parasitic mortality.