Chemical composition, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and redox properties in vitro of the essential oil from Remirea maritima Aubl. (Cyperaceae)

Abstract

BackgroundThe present study was carried out to evaluate antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil from R. maritima (RMO) in experimental protocols.MethodsThe essential oil from the roots and rhizomes of RMO were obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus, and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Here, we evaluated free radical scavenging activities and antioxidant potential of RMO using in vitro assays for scavenging activity against hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radicals, and nitric oxide. The total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP) and total antioxidant reactivity (TAR) indexes and in vitro lipoperoxidation were also evaluated. The ability of RMO to prevent lipid peroxidation was measured by quantifying thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). NO radical generated at physiological pH was found to be inhibited by RMO, that showed scavenging effect upon SNP-induced NO production at all concentrations. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated by acetic acid writhing reflex, Formalin-induced nociception and Carrageenan-induced edema test.ResultsThe majors compounds identified was remirol (43.2%), cyperene (13.8%), iso-evodionol (5.8%), cyperotundone (5.7%), caryophyllene oxide (4.9%), and rotundene (4.6%). At the TRAP assay, RMO concentration of 1 mg.mL−1 showed anti-oxidant effects and at concentration of 1 and 10 ng.mL−1 RMO showed pro-oxidant effect. RMO at 1 mg.mL−1 also showed significant anti-oxidant capacity in TAR measurement. Concentrations of RMO from 1 ng.mL−1 to 100 μg.mL−1 enhanced the AAPH-induced lipoperoxidation. RMO reduced deoxyribose oxidative damage, induced by the Fenton reaction induction system, at concentrations from 1 ng.mL−1 to 100 μg.mL−1. We observed that RMO caused a significant increase in rate of adrenaline auto-oxidation. On the other hand RMO did not present any scavenging effect in H2O2 formation in vitro. The results of this study revealed that RMO has both peripheral and central analgesic properties. The RMO, all doses, orally (p.o.) administered significantly inhibited (p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) the acetic acid-induced writhings and two phases of formalin-induced nociception in mice.ConclusionThe RMO demonstrated antioxidant and analgesic profile which may be related to the composition of the oil.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1472-6882-14-514) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

UPLC-qTOF-MS Phytochemical Profile and Antiulcer Potential of Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb. Alcoholic Extract

“…Peak 48 exhibited [M − H] − at m/z 243.0679 of 100% abundance (base peak), suggesting a fully conjugated system recognized as cyperaquinones [ 29 ]. A production at m / z 201 for a loss of 42 amu corresponding to an isopropenyl side chain on the dihydrofuran ring ( Figure S4 ) and was annotated as dihydrocyperaquinone, previously reported in family Cyperaceae [ 29 , 37 ].…”

Antinociceptive activity of petroleum ether fraction obtained from methanolic extract of Clinacanthus nutans leaves involves the activation of opioid receptors and NO-mediated/cGMP-independent pathway

“…Although the three nociceptive assays used in the present study finally established that PECN possesses antinociceptive potential, it is necessary to determine the extract ability to modulate motor coordination of the mice upon consumption due to its centrally-acting effect since centrally-acting drugs are known to cause possible alterations in the motor coordination, balance and equilibrium ability of the animals [24]. According to Rabelo et al [25], centrally-acting drugs can depress the CNS or trigger the non-specific muscle relaxation leading to decrease in the motor coordination response. Consequently, this may lead to misinterpretation of the nociceptive behavioural results.…”

The first report of chemical and biological study of essential oil from Begonia reniformis leaf (Begoniaceae)

“…The major compound of essential oil from B. reniformis leaves, sesquiterpene βvetispirene, has been previously reported in the essential oils from Vetiveria zizanioides (Poaceae) roots 15 , and its occurrence in other plant species is rare. The second major oil compound has been reported in about fifteen plant species, such as Remirea maritima (Cyperaceae), Piper amalago (Piperaceae), Artemisia vulgaris (Asteraceae), Clinopodium vulgare (Labiatae) and Lomatium rigidum (Apiaceae) [16][17][18][19][20] . The essential oil of B. reniformis leaf was evaluated against six microorganisms including fungi, grampositive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria to determine the MIC values by the agar dilution method.…”