Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the differences between football players and basketball players in the mean absolute values of maximum torque flexors and extensors, ratio of maximum hamstring torque to maximum quadriceps torque dominant (DOM) non-dominant (ND) leg and differences in bilateral imbalance of flexor muscles and knee extensors. Material and methods: The research included a sample of 39 professional athletes. The first subsample included 19 professional basketball players while the second subsample included 20 professional soccer players. Results: Based on the results of the torques of the extensors in the knee joint of the DOM and ND legs, it was established that there is no statistically significant difference between basketball players and football players. However, a statistically significant difference was found in the torque flexors of the knee joint DOM (p≤0.01) and ND (p≤0.00) of the leg between basketball players and football players. On the other hand, the results of the research indicate that the difference between basketball players and football players in the ratio of Hamstrings peak torque to Quadriceps peak torque was recorded only in the ND leg (p≤0.02), while the difference in the DOM leg is not statistically significant. The results of our study indicate that basketball players have a higher percentage of imbalances compared to football players, especially in m. hamstrings. Conclusion: This study provides normative data on populations specific to soccer and basketball, but does not provide evidence of the ability of the isokinetic assessment of lower extremity muscle strength to predict injuries to football players and basketball players.
During the period of ten weeks, a study has been conducted on the effects of a complex training method on the maximal isometric muscle force, its peaking time, and the rate of force development in the semi-squat test. The participants of the study were twenty junior basketball players (average age 16.4+/-0.7; mean body height 186.2cm+/-9.2; mean body weight 75,4+/-7.5kg; mean body fat percentage 12,83%+/-1.15). The participants were divided into experimental (n=10) and control group (n=10). The experimental group, besides technical-tactical training sessions, had additional complex training, while the control group had technical-tactical training sessions only. At the final testing, the results of maximal isometric muscle force and the explosive power index, have significantly improved in the experimental group, while the control group did not make significant progress. There were no significant changes in the maximal isometric muscle force's peak time at the final testing. The study findings indicate that application of the complex training method has positive effects on the development of maximal isometric force, and the rate of force development.
СажетакЦиљ истраживања био је да се испита постоји ли утицај Ефекта релативне старости (ЕРС) на селекцију тринаестогодишњих кошаркаша. Узорак испитаника чинило је 20 кошаркаша (ТВ=177.35цм±6.73, ТМ=61.42кг±8.98, просечне старости 13 година и 7 месеци ±.28, просечног искуства у кошаркашком тренингу 4 године и 6 месеци ±1.15). Узорак је подељен у 2 групе: 11 кошаркаша рођених у првој половини године и 9 кошаркаша рођених у другој половини године. Помоћу One-way ANOVA-e анализиране су разлике између 2 групе кошаркаша у сету антропометријских варијабли (Телесна висина, Распон руку, Дохватна висина, Телесна маса и Проценат масног ткива), моторичких варијабли (Брзина нервно-мишићне реакције, Вертикални скок, Спринт на 5 метара, Спринт на 10 метара, Спринт на 20 метара, Т-тест, Цик-цак тест, Бацање лопте из седећег положаја, Лежање-сед за 30 секунди и Дубоки претклон из стојећег положаја) и једне функционалне варијабле (20-M shuttle run test). Испитаници се не разликују у сету параметара, осим у једној варијабли (Лежање-сед за 30 секунди, p=.040). Дошло се до закључка да није утврђено постојање ЕРС-а на овом узорку испитаника.Кључне речи: КОШАРКАШКИ ТРЕНЕРИ / ПУБЕРТЕТ / ФИЗИЧКЕ КАРАКТЕРИСТИКЕ Кореспонденција са: Игор Вучковић, Универзитет у Бањој Луци, Факултет физичког васпитања и спорта, Булевар војводе Петра Бојовића 1, 78000 Бања Лука, Република Српска, БиХ.
Introduction: The goal of this paper is to determine what happens in one minute (on average) in kinematic parameters and metabolic power in small sided games (SSG) (3v3; 5v5) and large sided games (LSG) (10v10) and in which games kinematic parameters and metabolic power are best developed.Methods: The participants of this study were 22 professional football players, height 182.95±6.52 cm, mass 77.17±8.21 kg, body mass index (BMI) 22.97±1.47 kg/m2, body fat 9.85±2.55 %, aged 27.1±5.4 yrs, who played in the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Data total distance (TD), maximum speed (MS), number of accelerations (nAcc), number of decelerations (nDec), number of sprints (nS), high intensity distance (Z4≥19.8 km/h), sprint distance (Z5≥25.2 km/h) and movements requiring a certain metabolic power (Pmet), were collected using a 20 Hz Global positioning system (GPS) system Pro2 (GPEXE, Exelio srl, Udine, Italy), on a total of 307 individual observations.Results: The results showed that the average total distance was significantly higher in the 5v5 (135.16±18.78 m) and 10v10 (133.43±20.06 m) games (F=64.26, p<0.001) compared to the 3v3 (108.24±11.26 m). Furthermore, the values of the variables Z4 (8.32±3.38 m, F=97.59), Z5 (1.84±1.53 m, F=123.64), nS (0.13±0.10 n, F=96.14) as well as Maxspeed (27.06±1.90 km/h, F=139.33), are statistically significantly higher (p<0.001) in the 10v10 game compared to the other two game formats. The average number of nAcc (0.40±0.32 n, F=9.86, p<0.001) and nDec (0.62±0.36 n, F=6.42, p<0.001) is statistically significantly higher in the 5v5 game. The results showed that the 5v5 game is significantly more metabolically demanding Pmet (2.76±0.67 W•kg−1, F=66.08, p<0.001) compared to the other two game formats.Discussion: The data presented in this paper can be used as a basis for the construction of specific exercises based on kinematic and physiological requirements, and for planning and programming microcycles in football.
Summary Study aim: The aim of the present study was to examine a single movement of dynamic stretching (SMDS) of the shooting arm as a pre-shot routine for free throw performance (FTP). Material and methods: The sample consisted of 60 junior and senior basketball players from the youth league of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), and the national level – the First Division of B&H. The authors found that some players during a game and training sessions apply an SMDS of the shooting arm as a pre-shot routine for FTP. Since previous literature suggests that length of the routine and pre-performance behaviors are quite different among players of all levels, the sample was divided based on the number of training hours per week (lower/higher number of training hours) and basketball experience (experienced/less experienced). The procedure involves every player performing five free throws (FTs) without prior stretching, five FTs immediately after SMDS of the triceps muscle and five FTs after SMDS of the m. flexor carpi radialis. Results: After the first SMDS (m. triceps brachii) the percentage of FT slightly decreased in the first following attempt. After the second stretching (m. flexor carpi radialis), a significant FT percentage drop was noted in the first following FT for the whole sample. Players with more experience and more training hours per week had poorer results after the stretching. Conclusions: The SMDS routine did not enhance the FTP and it had a rather harmful effect on FTP, especially SMDS of the flexor carpi radialis muscle, and the authors do not recommend SMDS before the FTP.
The morphological characteristics of elite basketball players are of great interest to some authors in order to define the best morphological profile for a particular playing position and different levels of competition. The aim of the research was to determine the differences in morphological characteristics in professional basketball players in relation to the playing position in different league competitions and to determine the relevance of these characteristics for success in the game. The survey included a sample of 773 elite basketball players competing in five different leagues in Europe. In our study, we found that centers are significantly taller and heavier than guards and forwards are. In addition to other components of basketball (technique, tactics, coach strategy), body height, body mass and body mass index play a major role in overall performance in a basketball game in all positions. The obtained data can help coaches in the scouting process in which leagues in Europe are played by players with certain morphological characteristics in relation to the playing position.
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