RESUMOPropôs-se, com este trabalho, avaliar e monitorar a presença de agrotóxicos nas águas do canal São Gonçalo e do rio Piratini, localizados na região sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Durante o cultivo do arroz irrigado foram coletadas, em cinco datas diferentes, três amostras de água do rio Piratini e quatro do canal São Gonçalo. A metodologia empregada na análise dos resíduos de quinclorac, carbofuran e clomazone, foi a Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência com Detecção por Arranjo de Diodos (HPLC-DAD) e, para os resíduos de fipronil e betaciflutrina, a Cromatografia Gasosa com Detecção por Captura de Elétrons (GC-ECD). Os resultados mostraram que da semeadura à colheita a quantidade de resíduos de agrotóxicos na água diminuiu; observou-se também que no ponto mais baixo (Laranjal), maior número de análises de águas com resíduos foi detectado (onze análises com resíduo de agrotóxico). O inseticida carbofuran e o herbicida quinclorac foram os produtos que apresentaram resíduos com maior freqüência (16 e 15, respectivamente) enquanto o clomazone e o fipronil indicaram sete amostras com resíduos cada uma e a betaciflutrina não foi detectada em nenhum local.Palavras-chave: canal São Gonçalo, Rio Piratini, herbicidas, inseticidas, qualidade da água Monitoring of pesticides in two water sources in southern Brazil ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate and to monitor the presence of pesticides in the waters of the São Gonçalo channel and the Piratini river located in the southern region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. During the rice growing season, water samples were collected five times, three samples from the river Piratini and four from the São Gonçalo canal. The methodology used for the analysis of residues of quinclorac, carbofuran and clomazone was the High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection (HPLC-DAD) and for residues of the pesticides fipronil and betacyfluthrin, the Gas Chromatography with Electron Capture Detection (GC-ECD) was used. Results show that from sowing to harvesting the quantity of pesticide residues in water decreased. It was also observed that, at the lowest point (Laranjal), a greater number of analyses contaminated with residues was detected (11 samples with some type of pesticide). Insecticide carbofuran and herbicide quinclorac were pesticides that presented residues more frequently (16 and 15 times, respectively). Clomazone and fipronil were present in each of the 7 samples with residues and betacyfluthrin was not detected at any site.

RESUMO As formigas cortadeiras mostram preferência por algumas espécies vegetais, as quais são constantemente desfolhadas, enquanto outras não são atacadas, embora sejam abundantes e localizadas próximas ao ninho. As formigas dos gêneros

The Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the principal exotic pests affecting Brazilian production in the northeastern and southeastern regions of Brazil. In the south, it is has potential as a serious threat to temperate-climate fruit farms, since it is already found in urban and suburban communities in this region. We studied the biological characteristics of C. capitata populations from Pelotas-RS (temperate climate), Petrolina-PE (tropical), and Campinas-SP (subtropical). Ceratitis capitata biology was studied under controlled temperature (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 ± 1 °C), 70 ± 10% RH, and 14:10 L:D photoperiod. The duration and survival rate of the egg, larval, and pupal stages were evaluated and the thermal requirements of these three populations were determined. The duration and survival of these developmental stages varied with temperature, with similar values for the three populations, except for some variation in the egg phase. Egg to adult developmental time for all three populations was inversely proportional to temperature; from 15 to 30 °C developmental time varied from 71.2 to 17.1, 70.2 to 17.1, and 68.5 to 16.9 days, respectively. Survival during development was affected at 15 to 30 °C, and differed significantly from survival at 20 to 25 °C. At 35 °C, immature stages did not develop. The basal temperature and degree-day requirement were similar for all immature stages except for the egg stage. The basal temperatures and thermal constants were 9.30 and 350, 8.47 and 341, and 9.60 °C and 328 degree-days for the Pelotas, Petrolina, and Campinas populations, respectively. Results suggested that survival and thermal requirements are similar for these tropical, subtropical, and temperate populations of C. capitata, and demonstrate the species' capacity to adapt to different climate conditions.

In order to characterize the epigeic myrmecofauna in fields and vineyards in the physiographic region of Campanha, located in the Pampa biome, state of Rio Grande do Sul, inventories were conducted on three farms. On each farm, samples were collected in three environments: the rows in the vineyards, the spaces between rows in the vineyards, and the adjacent areas, with vegetation similar to that which preceded the establishment of crops. In each environment, 20 points were sampled using pitfall traps. We collected 72 species distributed among 24 genera and seven subfamilies. The study provides the first inventory of the ant fauna in the region, contributing with new records for the state of Rio Grande do Sul and for Brazil. It is hoped that this inventory will stimulate further studies on the biodiversity of this biome that is still poorly known.

Fopius arisanus (Sonan, 1932) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an egg–larval parasitoid used in control programs of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). In Brazil, C. capitata and Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) are considered the main tephritid pests of exotic and indigenous fruits. The objective of this study was to study the biology of F. arisanus in C. capitata and A. fraterculus. Eggs of the two fruit fly species were used to determine the parasitism rate, number of offspring, emergence rate, sex ratio, adult weight and longevity of male and female F. arisanus. These biological parameters were used to develop a fertility life table. We observed higher parasitism and emergence rates of adults, a shorter duration of the egg–adult period and a sex ratio biased to females when F. arisanus was reared in eggs of C. capitata than in those of A. fraterculus. However, adults of F. arisanus from eggs of A. fraterculus were heavier and had greater longevity than those obtained from C. capitata eggs. The fertility life table showed better biological and reproductive performance for F. arisanus reared in eggs of C. capitata, although eggs of A. fraterculus also provided positive values for population increase.

-The ground pearl, Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Hempel), is a parthenogenetic univoltine soil scale, which attacks roots of grapes (Vitis sp.) causing plant death. Infested areas became restricted to cultivation of grapes and other temperate fruits. Neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and thiamethoxan were evaluated for soil application seeking for new alternatives for pest control on young plants (one year old). Imidacloprid was drenched using one liter of water per plant while thiamethoxan was applied direct to the soil using granular formulation. A single application in November provided a control higher than 80%, similar to the standard compound vamidothion (90 ml/100 L, three times a year). The dose of 0.14 g/plant of imidacloprid and thiamethoxan was enough to protect young plants for one season. These results show the possibility of controlling E. brasiliensis with neonicotinoid insecticides and hence implant new vineyards in infested areas.KEY WORDS: Chemical control, imidacloprid, thiamethoxan, vamidothion, neonicotinoid.RESUMO -A pérola-da-terra Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Hempel) é considerada a principal praga da videira (Vitis sp.), causando morte de plantas em várias regiões do Brasil. Até o momento, somente o vamidotiom apresentou resultados promissores de controle da praga na cultura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência dos inseticidas neonicotinóides imidaclopride e tiametoxam comparando-os ao vamidotiom no controle da pérola-da-terra. Os experimentos foram realizados com plantas de um ano de idade em casa-de-vegetação e a campo. O controle exercido pelos inseticidas foi avaliado através da contagem do número de insetos presentes nas raízes das plantas. Os inseticidas imidaclopride e tiametoxam, na dose de 0,14 g/planta, aplicados via solo, no mês de novembro, reduziram a população da praga em níveis superiores a 80%, proporcionando resultados similares ao vamidotiom. Este somente foi eficiente no controle da praga quando aplicado via foliar, na dose de 90 ml/100 litros de água, nos meses de novembro, janeiro e março. Com base nos resultados, verifica-se que é possível controlar a pérola-da-terra em plantas novas de videira e conseqüentemente implantar parreirais em áreas infestadas pela praga.

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros biológicos e determinar a tabela de vida de fertilidade de Neopamera bilobata (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) em morangueiro. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Entomologia da Embrapa Uva e Vinho, em Bento Gonçalves, RS, em câmara climatizada (a 23±1°C, 70±10% UR e fotófase de 12 horas). Utilizaram-se folíolos, flores, frutos verdes e maduros de morangueiro 'Aromas' como alimento para os percevejos. O desenvolvimento das fases imaturas e os parâmetros biológicos dos adultos foram monitorados diariamente. O percevejo N. bilobata não completou o ciclo biológico em folíolos e flores de morangueiro. Em frutos maduros e verdes, o tempo de desenvolvimento da ninfa ao adulto foi de 32,8±9,12 e 36,7±6,80 dias, com viabilidade de 27,3 e 51%, respectivamente. O período de oviposição foi de 34,7±21,2 dias, com 319,1±262,7 ovos em frutos maduros, e de 43,9±18,3 dias, com 318,2±144,7 ovos em frutos verdes. Neopamera bilobata completa seu ciclo biológico na cultura do morangueiro. Frutos verdes de morangueiro são mais adequados ao desenvolvimento deste inseto do que frutos maduros.Termos para indexação: Neopamera bilobata, Fragaria x ananassa, "catfacing", deformação dos frutos, pequenas frutas, percevejo. Biological parameters and fertility life table of Neopamera bilobata (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) on strawberryAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the biological parameters and to determinate the fertility life table of Neopamera bilobata (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae) on strawberry. The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Entomology of Embrapa Uva e Vinho, in Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil, in a climatic chamber (at 23±1°C, 70±10% RH, and 12-hour photoperiod). Leaflets, flowers, and green and ripe fruit of 'Aromas' strawberry were used to feed the insects. The development of immature stages and the biological parameters of adults were daily monitored. The bug N. bilobata did not complete the life cycle on strawberry leaflets and flowers. On mature and green fruit, the nymph-adult development time was of 32.8±9.12 and 36.7±6.80 days, with viability of 27.3 and 51%, respectively. The oviposition period was of 34.7±21.2 days, with 319.1±262.7 eggs on ripe fruit, and of 43.9±18.3 days, with 318.2±144.7 eggs on green fruit. Neopamera bilobata completes its biological cycle on strawberry crop. Green fruit of strawberry are more suitable for this insect development than ripe ones.

Thermal requeriments of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera, Culicidae) in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The thermal requeriments of Culex quinquefasciatus (Say, 1823) and the number of generations in the year are determined. The colony to obtain eggs, larvae, pupae and adults was established under laboratory conditions. Every stage was maintained at constant temperature (15, 20, 25 and 30 o C), in cameras, with relative humidity of 80% ± 5 and photophase of 12 hours, to settle down the thermal inferior limit and the thermal constant by the method of the hiperbole. The thermal inferior limit to phase of egg, larvae and pupa were respectively 10.0, 9.1 and 10.2 o C, and 10.2 o C to all the aquatic cycle, with a thermal constant of 207.2 degree-day, with the mean of 15.5 generations per year in Pelotas, State of Rio Grande do Sul.