IntroductionAsymptomatic carriers (AC) of the new SARS-CoV-2 represent an important source of spread for COVID-19. Early diagnosis of these cases is a powerful tool to control the pandemic. Our objective was to characterise patients with AC status and identify associated sociodemographic factors.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional design and the national database of daily occurrence of COVID-19, we characterised both socially and demographically all ACs. Additional correspondence analysis and logistic regression model were performed to identify characteristics associated with AC state (OR, 95% CI).Results76.162 ACs (12.1%; 95% CI 12.0% to 12.2%) were identified, mainly before epidemiological week 35. Age≤26 years (1.18; 1.09 to 1.28), male sex (1.51; 1.40 to 1.62), cases imported from Venezuela, Argentina, Brazil, Germany, Puerto Rico, Spain, USA or Mexico (12.6; 3.03 to 52.5) and autochthonous cases (22.6; 5.62 to 91.4) increased the risk of identifying ACs. We also identified groups of departments with moderate (1.23; 1.13 to 1.34) and strong (19.8; 18.6 to 21.0) association with ACs.ConclusionSociodemographic characteristics strongly associated with AC were identified, which may explain its epidemiological relevance and usefulness to optimise mass screening strategies and prevent person-to-person transmission.
In recent decades, there has been great concern associated with environmental pollution as a risk factor for the development of different diseases in humans, and the canine species has been considered one of the closest sentinel animal models to evaluate these effects. In this sense, a review was carried out to identify the advances and information gaps on this topic. For this, a Scientometric approach was used, with the application of quantitative statistical analysis to bibliography. Results revealed that there has been in increase in scientific production during the last 20 years in journals such as Science of the Total Environment, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and Environmental Health Perspectives , highlighting the participation of authors such as Sonne, Dietz and Letcher . In this way, the United States, Denmark , and Canada, as well as Universities such as Ehme, Aarhus, Hokkaido and California, are considered the most relevant countries and institutional affiliations in scientific production and collaboration in relation to this topic. In the same way, there is a growing interest in the development of various lines of research related to persistent organic compounds (PCBs, PBDEs) and heavy metals (Hg mainly), using dogs as sentinels, as well as the evaluation of new sources of contamination related to microorganisms. Finally, issues related to air pollutants, particulate matter and asthma appear as new areas of research, in which the canine sentinel model may show promise for the evaluation of its effects.
In recent decades, a global concern associated with environmental chemical contamination has emerged as an important risk factor for the development of human diseases. Risk assessment methods based on animal approaches have shown to be very useful as early warning systems. However, questions, knowledge gaps, and limitations still need to be addressed in animals close to humans, such as dogs. The objective of this study was to analyze citation patterns, impact of publications, and most relevant authors, countries, institutional affiliations, and lines of research on environmental chemical contaminants and their relationship with dogs, in terms of exposure and biological effects. For this, a bibliometric analysis was carried out. Results revealed an increase in scientific production on this subject during the last 90 years in journals such as Health Physics, Science of the Total Environment, and Plos One, highlighting authors such as Muggenburg, Sonne, Boecker, and Dietz. The USA, Brazil, Germany, and the UK and universities such as California, Colorado State, and Purdue were the most relevant countries and institutional affiliations in scientific production and collaboration in relation to this topic. There is a growing interest in the development of lines of research related to heavy metals (mercury and lead mainly) and persistent organic compounds (PCBs, PBDEs, pesticides) using dogs as sentinels, as well as new sources of interest related to zoonosis and One Health. Finally, issues related to pollutants, sentinel lymph nodes, and epidemiology appear as new areas of research. These results highlight interesting current challenges and future research perspectives on dogs as sentinels for environmental chemical contamination.
Objetivo: La aproximación al diagnóstico de sangrado agudo (SA) manifestado con sítnomas inespecificos, utilizando el hematocrito como laboratorio de apoyo es un reto en la Sala de Emergencias (SE). Se compararon las capacidades operativas del hematocrito y el "radio plaqueta/hematocrito" (PLHER) para discriminar pacientes con SA. Métodos: Con un diseño de precisión diagnóstica se compararon pacientes con y sin SA atendidos en la SE de la Clínica del Occidente S.A., durante el año 2017. El espectro diagnóstico (EDx) incluyó controles negativos[grupo_0], población general, con o sin trauma ortopédico cerrado[grupos_1-2], pacientes con trauma ortopédico cerrado[grupo_3], SA ginecológico[grupo_4], SA gastrointestinal[grupo_5], controles positivos[grupos_6-7]. Se compararon las capacidades operativas del PLHER y hematocrito para discriminar pacientes con SA. Resultados: 655 fueron seleccionados, principalmente hombres. No hubo diferencias entre las medianas de hematocrito del grupo_0 con los grupos_1-2; comparado con el grupo_0, la mediana del PLHER fue mayor en todos los grupos del EDx (p: <0.05). Con los puntos de corte ≥6.037 y ≥6.348 los AUC del PLHER para discriminar pacientes con posible SA[grupos_1-3] o cualquier grupo del EDx[grupos_1-7] fueron 0.709 y 0.766, respectivamente. Los AUC del hematocrito para discriminar pacientes con posible SA o de cualquier grupo del EDx fueron 0.682 y 0.755, respectivamente. Discusión: El PLHER presentó mejores capacidades operativas que el hematocrito para discriminar pacientes con SA. Podría ser una herramienta útil para identificar pacientes con SA atendidos con signos y síntomas inespecíficos en la SE.
Mortalidad y estancia hospitalaria relacionada con trauma ocupacional atendido durante el fin de semana en el servicio de emergencias, Bogotá 2007-2010. ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL Aníbal A. Teherán1 ,3*, Luis E. Alfonso1, Albert Ávila2 , Juan Carlos Hernández3, Claudia P. Pacheco4, Edwin G. Chapeta1, Víctor Licencia creative commons ResumenObjetivo. Los desenlaces del trauma ocupacional agudo (TOA) pueden estar condicionados al desarrollo industrial y al momento de la semana de ocurrencia; se comparó la mortalidad y estancia hospitalaria (EH) de trabajadores que presentaron TOA en diferentes momentos de la semana.Métodos. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, en el que se utilizó la base de datos administrativa de trabajadores atendidos por TOA, entre enero de 2007 y diciembre de 2010, en una Clínica de III nivel en Bogotá, se comparó la mediana de estancia hospitalaria (EH )y el riesgo de mortalidad (OR; IC95%) en pacientes atendidos por TOA entre semana (ES) y en fin de semana (FdS); la frecuencia de eventos fue ponderada (p) por los días ES-p (4 días) y FdS-p (3 días).Resultados. Se evaluaron 65.169 registros médicos, en FdS-p y en ES-p ocurrieron 4295 y 13071 TOA, respectivamente; los TOA predominaron en hombres, adultos-jóvenes (edad mediana 30-33 años). La mediana de EH ES fue 0,43 horas (h) y en FdS 0,48 h (p: 0,000). Los TOA ocurridos en trabajadores de 45-64 años (3,47;1.76-6,76), atendidos en la noche (3,27;1,64-6,40), en FdS (4,57;1,25-18,4) y en noche-FdS (4,49;1,64-14,0) presentaron el riesgo más elevado de mortalidad.Conclusión. Los trabajadores atendidos por TOA durante el FdS tienen mayor EH, riesgo de muerte y baja frecuencia de atenciones por Medicina Especializada que los atendidos ES. Los protocolos institucionales de atención por TOA podrían contemplar este efecto, para brindar atenciones seguras y equitativas, independiente del momento de atención.
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