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Bern's measures of Masculinity (M), Femininity (F), and the absolute value of her androgyny measure were analyzed by the principal-components method with the Masculinity-Femininity scales from .the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the California Psychological Inventory, the Omnibus Personality Inventory, and the Need for Heterosexuality scale of the Adjective Check List. Separate analyses for males and females yielded the same three orthogonal components for each sex (a) masculinity-femininity, (b) hetcrosexuality, and (c) androgyny. The three Masculinity-Femininity scales contributed to the first component. Heterosexuality and Bern's M and F scales contributed to the second.. Androgyny and M (for the males) and F (for the females) contributed to the third. The results support Bern's statements about androgyny and show that sex role traits are organized similarly for males and females.

The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire was compared by means of canonical analysis to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and to the Adjective Check List, with samples of 79 and 53 individuals, respectively. The results supported the validity of Eysenck's Extraversion and Neuroticism scales but gave less support for the validity of the Psychoticism scale.

The F-K index has long been used as a validity indicator with the MMPI to help identify subjects who may be over- or underreporting psychological problems. The revision of the MMPI necessitates the collection of new norms and development of cutoff scores for the F-K index due to changes in the test itself as well as changes in the way subjects respond to items since the time of the development of the original test. Continuation of the use of old cutoff scores and clinical lore may lead to erroneous conclusions and decisions in the clinical and forensic arenas in which the index is used. MMPI-2 norms for the F-K index are provided for the standardization sample, and additional data are presented for samples of psychiatric patients, head injured patients, individuals seeking disability benefits, job applicants for police and priest positions, and substance abusers. Implications for use of the tables for interpretation of F-K scores are discussed.

Data from several clinical samples and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory--2 standardization group are presented to familiarize the reader with response patterns of different groups on a new validity scale designed to assist in the identification of exaggeration or fabrication of psychological disturbance. Sensitivity-specificity analyses are included along with suggestions for use of the F(p) Scale with other validity scales. Cautions about setting single cutoff scores are also discussed.

To test the hypothesis that overlapping items of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scales measure factors common to the criterion groups associated with the scales, three scales were constructed. The neurotic overlap scale contained items shared by more than one neurotic scale. The psychotic overlap scale contained items shared by more than one psychotic scale. The maladjustment overlap scale contained items shared by both a neurotic and a psychotic scale. These scales were validated against clinical psychotic and neurotic groups and two normal control groups. The results support the hypothesis and the validity of the three new scales.