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Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most frequently seen medical complications in pregnancy. UTI in pregnancy poses risk of complications such as premature birth, low birth weight, still birth and pyelonephritis. A prospective study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of urinary tract infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Amassoma and to identify the bacteria involved. A total of 138 urine samples were analyzed and cultured by the standard loop technique on cystein lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED) medium, MacConkey and blood agar. A prevalence rate of 25.3% was observed in this study and the relationship between age and bacteriuria was non-significant (P>0.05), which signifies that bacteriuria is independent on age, while the relationship between bacteuria and trimester was statistically significant as P<0.05. Escherichia coli (40%) was the most common bacteria isolated followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.9%). Screening of pregnant women for bacteriuria during every antenatal visit should be considered an essential care in the community to avoid complications in pregnancy at an early stage.

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Background Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and one of the leading causes of cancer-linked deaths in women. The development of the mammary gland is regulated by oestrogen whose activities have also been linked with various diseases including breast cancer. Research has shown that host–microbiota relationship plays a role in human health and disease, so we investigated the association between breast microbiota and breast cancer. A search of the literature was conducted using search tools such as Google Scholar, PubMed, EBSCO and Cochrane library with the terms breast cancer, breast microbiota, microbiome and dysbiosis. A further search included Sphingomonas, Sphingobium yanoikuyae and oestrogen. The search terms were combined in original forms to get relevant studies related to the subject under review. All articles written in English were included and publication dates were not limited. Conclusion Taken together, the studies show that Sphingobium yanoikuyae might have a protective role in breast cancer, especially oestrogen positive, and highlights the need for further investigation into the use of the bacteria for prevention and possibly management of breast cancer.

Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH) are two parasitic diseases mainly affecting school children. The purpose of this study was to estimate the current prevalence and infection intensity, in addition to the associations of these infections with age and sex, in children aged 4–17 years living in Osun State, Nigeria. From each participant (250 children), one urine and one stool sample were taken for the study, for the microscopic detection of eggs or larvae in faeces by means of the Kato–Katz method and eggs in filtrated urine. The overall prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis was 15.20%, with light infection. The intestinal helminthic species identified (and their prevalence) were S. stercoralis (10.80%), S. mansoni (8%), A. lumbricoides (7.20%), hookworm (1.20%), and T. trichiura (0.4%), all of them being classified as light infections. Single infections (67.95%) are more frequent than multiple infections (32.05%). With this study, schistosomiasis and STH are still endemic in Osun State, but with a light to moderate prevalence and light infection intensity. Urinary infection was the most prevalent, with higher prevalence in children over 10 years. The >10 years age group had the highest prevalence for all of the intestinal helminths. There were no statistically significant associations between gender and age and urogenital or intestinal parasites.