We demonstrate a dual-axis accelerometer and gyroscope atom interferometer, which can form the building blocks of a six-axis inertial measurement unit. By recapturing the atoms after the interferometer sequence, we maintain a large atom number at high data rates of 50 to 100 measurements per second. Two cold ensembles are formed in trap zones located a few centimeters apart and are launched toward one another. During their ballistic trajectory, they are interrogated with a stimulated Raman sequence, detected, and recaptured in the opposing trap zone. We achieve sensitivities at μg= ffiffiffiffiffiffi Hz p and ðμrad=sÞ= ffiffiffiffiffiffi Hz p levels, making this a compelling prospect for expanding the use of atom interferometer inertial sensors beyond benign laboratory environments.
We demonstrate a high data-rate light-pulse atom interferometer for measuring acceleration. The device is optimized to operate at rates between 50 Hz to 330 Hz with sensitivities of 0.57 {\mu}g/rtHz to 36.7 {\mu}g/rtHz, respectively. Our method offers a dramatic increase in data rate and demonstrates a path to new applications in highly dynamic environments. The performance of the device can largely be attributed to the high recapture efficiency of atoms from one interferometer measurement cycle to another.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
We demonstrate matterwave interference in a warm vapor of rubidium atoms. Established approaches to light pulse atom interferometry rely on laser cooling to concentrate a large ensemble of atoms into a velocity class resonant with the atom optical light pulse. In our experiment, we show that clear interference signals may be obtained without laser cooling. This effect relies on the Doppler selectivity of the atom interferometer resonance. This interferometer may be configured to measure accelerations, and we demonstrate that multiple interferometers may be operated simultaneously by addressing multiple velocity classes.The technique of light pulse atom interferometry (LPAI) has proved to be exceptionally useful for precision acceleration measurements. Since its inception [1], research has branched into pursuits of inertial sensor technology [2-6] and foundational precision measurements [7][8][9][10], including space-based gravity wave detectors [11]. These demonstrations build upon well-vetted techniques in the field of laser cooling and trapping [12]. Reducing the velocity distribution of a large ensemble of atoms and collecting them into a well-defined spatial location affords ample time for interrogation [13,14] and high fidelity detection [15]. In this setting, the matter wave of each atom evolves with inertial freedom such that photon recoils may be used to coherently split and recombine the wave packets without perturbation. The experimental overhead is laser system complexity and ultra-high vacuum requirements that have challenged efforts fielding these instruments [14,[16][17][18][19][20].The simplicity of a vapor cell approach, used for atomic clocks [21] and magnetometry [22,23], is an alluring alternative. In this approach, long interrogation times are achieved through the use of a buffer gas or a spin antirelaxation coating. As such, multiple collisions occur between the interrogated atom and the buffer gas or cell coating over the duration of one measurement period. Such collisions spoil the inertial purity of the wave packets and would obfuscate the LPAI fringe. Nevertheless, by borrowing certain aspects of the vapor cell approach, namely a spin anti-relaxation coating for state preparation, and blending this with the inherent velocity-filtering function of the photon recoil in LPAI, we re-imagine atom interferometry. Consequently, we achieve high fidelity interference signals in a significantly simplified warm vapor experiment, without laser cooling.LPAI uses two-photon stimulated Raman transitions between hyperfine ground states (e.g. |F = 1 and |F = 2 in 87 Rb) to create coherent superpositions of momentum states with the effect of redirecting matter wave packets to form the atom optical elements of beam splitter and mirror. When the two optical fields are ar- (Color online) Vapor interferometer concept-not to scale. The 2-D mesh Gaussian represents the MaxwellBoltzmann distribution in cylindrical coordinates z and ρ for room temperature atoms in |F = 1 . The solid blue Sinc functions are two na...
The commercialization of atomic technologies requires replacing laboratory-scale laser setups with compact and manufacturable optical platforms. Complex arrangements of free-space beams can be generated on chip through a combination of integrated photonics and metasurface optics. In this work, we combine these two technologies using flip-chip bonding and demonstrate an integrated optical architecture for realizing a compact strontium atomic clock. Our planar design includes twelve beams in two co-aligned magneto-optical traps. These beams are directed above the chip to intersect at a central location with diameters as large as 1 cm. Our design also includes two co-propagating beams at lattice and clock wavelengths. These beams emit collinearly and vertically to probe the center of the magneto-optical trap, where they will have diameters of ≈100 µm. With these devices we demonstrate that our integrated photonic platform is scalable to an arbitrary number of beams, each with different wavelengths, geometries, and polarizations.
Quantum effects have a wide variety of applications in computation, communication, and metrology. To explore practical quantum enhanced technologies, we are investigating quantum metrology in neutral atom systems, such as inertial sensors and clocks, which could revolutionize the field of precision navigation. The lower noise boundary on measurements of a two-level quantum system is given by the standard quantum limit (SQL). This limits the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to SNR = √ where N is the number of atoms. Using Quantum Non-Demolition techniques (QND), it has been demonstrated that one can surpass the SQL, with the ultimate limit given by the Heisenberg Limit of SNR = N. For many implementations, this limit corresponds to an improvement by several orders of magnitude. However, achieving even the SQL is difficult in practical systems. To realize the gains of quantum enhanced metrology one must first realize high fidelity measurements of quantum systems. This fidelity is often limited by sources of technical noise in the system which must be characterized and mitigated.In this report we attempt to experimentally reach the SQL in a system of laser-cooled Rubidium 87 atoms. Atomic transitions were induced through microwave radiation and the stimulated Raman interaction. We characterize the various sources of noise that hinder the achievement of the SQL and compare our measurements to theoretical models that take these impediments into consideration. Additionally, we survey the literature for spin-squeezing techniques which allow for Heisenberg-limited measurements in similar cold-atom systems. Our investigation confirmed the difficulty of achieving even moderate amounts of squeezing for a metrologically relevant quantity. However, spin squeezing could prove to be an important technique for atom interferometry if substantial improvements in implementation are made. This work is done in collaboration with the University of New Mexico.
We explore photonic-integrated circuits and metasurface optics to generate multiple, large diameter, circularly polarized laser beams for a compact strontium optical clock. We demonstrate an 88Sr magneto-optical trap with integrated photonics in a liter-scale apparatus.
We demonstrate an alignment-free 87Sr magneto optical trap with fully integrated multicolor metasurface photonics. We characterize the functionality of these metasurfaces to facilitate laser cooling and trapping for a compact optical clock.
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