High data-rate atom interferometer for measuring acceleration

McGuinness, Hayden; Rakholia, Akash; Biedermann, Grant

doi:10.1063/1.3673845

Cited by 75 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…After optimizing timing for the experiment, we achieved a high data rate on the order of 100 Hz with ~10 5 atoms, far more than would be possible loading directly from vapor [3]. Using this technique, ~90% of the atoms are recaptured for the next shot of the experiment.…”

Section: Recapturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To achieve the -24 dB of squeezing represented by the Heisenberg limit, the optical depth would have to be increased by two to three orders of magnitude. This would require a tightly confined atomic ensemble and detection beam, which can be achieved with an atomic density of approximately 10 13 atoms/cm 3 . While this is difficult to achieve in a dipole trap or optical lattice, it is readily accomplished in a BEC.…”

Section: Spin Squeezing By Quantum Non-demolition Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4). For the primary experiment, we used a quartz cell with a volume of ~1 cm 3 and walls coated with paraffin. At 50°C, half of the atoms collide with the wall after 15 μs.…”

Section: Rubidium 87 Vapor Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum enhanced technologies.

Rakholia¹,

McGuinness²,

Biedermann³

2012

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Quantum effects have a wide variety of applications in computation, communication, and metrology. To explore practical quantum enhanced technologies, we are investigating quantum metrology in neutral atom systems, such as inertial sensors and clocks, which could revolutionize the field of precision navigation. The lower noise boundary on measurements of a two-level quantum system is given by the standard quantum limit (SQL). This limits the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to SNR = √ where N is the number of atoms. Using Quantum Non-Demolition techniques (QND), it has been demonstrated that one can surpass the SQL, with the ultimate limit given by the Heisenberg Limit of SNR = N. For many implementations, this limit corresponds to an improvement by several orders of magnitude. However, achieving even the SQL is difficult in practical systems. To realize the gains of quantum enhanced metrology one must first realize high fidelity measurements of quantum systems. This fidelity is often limited by sources of technical noise in the system which must be characterized and mitigated.In this report we attempt to experimentally reach the SQL in a system of laser-cooled Rubidium 87 atoms. Atomic transitions were induced through microwave radiation and the stimulated Raman interaction. We characterize the various sources of noise that hinder the achievement of the SQL and compare our measurements to theoretical models that take these impediments into consideration. Additionally, we survey the literature for spin-squeezing techniques which allow for Heisenberg-limited measurements in similar cold-atom systems. Our investigation confirmed the difficulty of achieving even moderate amounts of squeezing for a metrologically relevant quantity. However, spin squeezing could prove to be an important technique for atom interferometry if substantial improvements in implementation are made. This work is done in collaboration with the University of New Mexico.

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Section: Recapturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spin Squeezing By Quantum Non-demolition Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantum enhanced technologies.

Rakholia¹,

McGuinness²,

Biedermann³

2012

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“…In this work, we demonstrate an ultra-high data rate of 10 kHz, and an ultra-large dynamic range of 88 g where g = 9.8 m/s 2 . Both are orders of magnitude larger than the fastest LPAI accelerometers [3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since its inception [1], research has branched into pursuits of inertial sensor technology [2][3][4][5][6] and foundational precision measurements [7][8][9][10], including space-based gravity wave detectors [11]. These demonstrations build upon well-vetted techniques in the field of laser cooling and trapping [12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Atom Interferometry in a Warm Vapor

et al. 2017

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We demonstrate matterwave interference in a warm vapor of rubidium atoms. Established approaches to light pulse atom interferometry rely on laser cooling to concentrate a large ensemble of atoms into a velocity class resonant with the atom optical light pulse. In our experiment, we show that clear interference signals may be obtained without laser cooling. This effect relies on the Doppler selectivity of the atom interferometer resonance. This interferometer may be configured to measure accelerations, and we demonstrate that multiple interferometers may be operated simultaneously by addressing multiple velocity classes.The technique of light pulse atom interferometry (LPAI) has proved to be exceptionally useful for precision acceleration measurements. Since its inception [1], research has branched into pursuits of inertial sensor technology [2-6] and foundational precision measurements [7][8][9][10], including space-based gravity wave detectors [11]. These demonstrations build upon well-vetted techniques in the field of laser cooling and trapping [12]. Reducing the velocity distribution of a large ensemble of atoms and collecting them into a well-defined spatial location affords ample time for interrogation [13,14] and high fidelity detection [15]. In this setting, the matter wave of each atom evolves with inertial freedom such that photon recoils may be used to coherently split and recombine the wave packets without perturbation. The experimental overhead is laser system complexity and ultra-high vacuum requirements that have challenged efforts fielding these instruments [14,[16][17][18][19][20].The simplicity of a vapor cell approach, used for atomic clocks [21] and magnetometry [22,23], is an alluring alternative. In this approach, long interrogation times are achieved through the use of a buffer gas or a spin antirelaxation coating. As such, multiple collisions occur between the interrogated atom and the buffer gas or cell coating over the duration of one measurement period. Such collisions spoil the inertial purity of the wave packets and would obfuscate the LPAI fringe. Nevertheless, by borrowing certain aspects of the vapor cell approach, namely a spin anti-relaxation coating for state preparation, and blending this with the inherent velocity-filtering function of the photon recoil in LPAI, we re-imagine atom interferometry. Consequently, we achieve high fidelity interference signals in a significantly simplified warm vapor experiment, without laser cooling.LPAI uses two-photon stimulated Raman transitions between hyperfine ground states (e.g. |F = 1 and |F = 2 in 87 Rb) to create coherent superpositions of momentum states with the effect of redirecting matter wave packets to form the atom optical elements of beam splitter and mirror. When the two optical fields are ar- (Color online) Vapor interferometer concept-not to scale. The 2-D mesh Gaussian represents the MaxwellBoltzmann distribution in cylindrical coordinates z and ρ for room temperature atoms in |F = 1 . The solid blue Sinc functions are two na...

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Improving measurement performance via fusion of classical and quantum accelerometers

et al. 2023

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While quantum accelerometers sense with extremely low drift and low bias, their practical sensing capabilities face at least two limitations compared with classical accelerometers: a lower sample rate due to cold atom interrogation time; and a reduced dynamic range due to signal phase wrapping. In this paper, we propose a maximum likelihood probabilistic data fusion method, under which the actual phase of the quantum accelerometer can be unwrapped by fusing it with the output of a classical accelerometer on the platform. Consequently, the recovered measurement from the quantum accelerometer is used to estimate bias and drift of the classical accelerometer which is then removed from the system output. We demonstrate the enhanced error performance achieved by the proposed fusion method using a simulated 1D accelerometer precision test scenario. We conclude with a discussion on fusion error and potential solutions.

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High data-rate atom interferometer for measuring acceleration

Cited by 75 publications

References 16 publications

Quantum enhanced technologies.

Quantum enhanced technologies.

Atom Interferometry in a Warm Vapor

Improving measurement performance via fusion of classical and quantum accelerometers

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