This is a prospective cohort study of 237 children (130 males, 107 females) placed on the ketogenic diet for control of intractable epilepsy (mean age at starting diet 3 years 8 months; age range 2 months to 9 years 10 months); average length of follow-up was 308 days. There were 133 children on the diet at 1 year and 76 at 2 years. Height and weight measurements were converted into age- and sex-appropriate z scores. There was a rapid drop in weight z scores in the first 3 months. After this initial period, the weight z score remained constant in children who started the diet below the median weight for their age and sex, although z scores continued to decrease in children starting above the median. There was a small decrease in height z scores in the first 6 months (<0.5); however, there were larger changes by 2 years. There was no difference based on sex for either height or weight. The ketogenic diet generally provides sufficient nutrition to maintain growth within normal parameters over a defined period. Very young children grow poorly on the diet and should be followed-up carefully over long periods of use.

Therapeutic, IV.

This is a prospective cohort study of 237 children (130 males, 107 females) placed on the ketogenic diet for control of intractable epilepsy (mean age at starting diet 3 years 8 months; age range 2 months to 9 years 10 months); average length of follow-up was 308 days. There were 133 children on the diet at 1 year and 76 at 2 years. Height and weight measurements were converted into age-and sex-appropriate z scores. There was a rapid drop in weight z scores in the first 3 months. After this initial period, the weight z score remained constant in children who started the diet below the median weight for their age and sex, although z scores continued to decrease in children starting above the median. There was a small decrease in height z scores in the first 6 months (<0.5); however, there were larger changes by 2 years. There was no difference based on sex for either height or weight. The ketogenic diet generally provides sufficient nutrition to maintain growth within normal parameters over a defined period. Very young children grow poorly on the diet and should be followed-up carefully over long periods of use.

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Objectives: Determine if hypopharyngeal surgery for obstructive sleep apnea is associated with significant morbidity in the early postoperative period. Methods: Medical records review and retrospective telephone survey of patients who underwent hypopharyngeal surgery for obstructive sleep apnea between November 2012 and September 2013 at a tertiary care facility. Results: Twenty-two patients underwent hypopharyngeal surgery for obstructive sleep apnea. No patient experienced intraoperative complications, postoperative O2 desaturation <90%, prolonged admission for inadequate pain control, pulmonary edema, or airway compromise requiring re-intubation. Postoperative complications included 1 episode of nasal hemorrhage, 1 infection requiring hospitalization, and 1 episode of dehydration treated with IV fluids. Twenty-five percent of patients experienced some degree of postoperative dysphonia, and 87.5% of patients experienced postoperative dysphagia. The average rating for postoperative pharyngeal pain was 3.5 by week 3 and 1.75 by week 4. Most patients described decreased snoring (93.75%), improved feeling of overall health (75%), and increased daytime energy (62.5%). All patients undergoing hypopharyngeal airway surgery were discharged within 23 hours. Conclusions: Hypopharyngeal surgery is a safe and well-tolerated procedure for the treatment of OSA. Our findings suggest that hypopharyngeal surgery may be performed on an outpatient basis.

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Poster Presentations P139POSTERS was a 95% response rate with 35 of 37 residency programs responding, and 59 of 62 surveys returned. Conclusion:Although further studies need to be conducted to determine the role of manual dexterity and visiospatial aptitude testing in the otolaryngology application process, individuals who have the "best soaps" did not score higher than those with the "worst soaps" in several metrics.Objective: This study was aimed at describing oropharyngeal manifestations of secondary syphilis in HIV-infected patients. We also sought to determine the clinical risk factors for the development of oropharyngeal syphilitic lesions in patients with HIV and secondary syphilis.

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