Abstract. Covid-19 is an infectious disease caused by the Coronavirus 2 of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. It was predicted to appear in 2020. As a result of the pandemic, Work From Home has been established for the entire population, including youths and students who are afflicted. Restrictions on outside activities resulted in a variety of lifestyle modifications, including changes in physical activity and food. A high-calorie diet combined with insufficient physical activity might cause health concerns in teens. The goal of this study is to look at the description of physical activity and eating patterns in adolescents at SMA Negeri 4 Metro during the pandemic. This study is descriptive in nature. Proportional stratified random sampling was used to determine the sample size in this investigation. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Food Frequency Questionnaire were used to collect data. This study found that during the Covid-19 epidemic, 56.4 percent of teenagers engaged in moderate physical activity, 22.7 percent engaged in high physical activity, and 10.9 percent engaged in poor physical activity. Adolescents who engage in moderate to high physical activity eat foods with a typical number of calories, whereas adolescents who engage in low physical activity eat foods with a high number of calories. During the Covid-19 epidemic, teenagers ate breakfast six times per week, snacks three times per week, fast food three times per week, and supplements and veggies three times per week. Abstrak. Covid-19 merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 dan ditetapkan menjadi pandemi pada tahun 2020. Pandemi ini menyebabkan ditetapkannya Work From Home untuk seluruh masyarakat, termasuk remaja atau siswa yang bersekolah. Pembatasan aktivitas di luar rumah mengakibatkan terjadinya beberapa perubahan pola hidup termasuk perubahan aktivitas fisik dan pola makan. Pada remaja yang aktivitas fisiknya sedikit dengan pola makan yang memliki kalori tinggi dapat menyebabkan permasalahan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana gambaran aktivitas fisik dan pola makan selama pandemi pada remaja di SMA Negeri 4 Metro. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Besar sampel dalam penelitian ini diambil dengan cara Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan Global Physical Activity Questionnaire dan Formulir Food Frequency Questionnaire. Hasil yang didapatkan dalam penelitian ini yaitu jumlah presentase remaja selama pandemi Covid-19 melakukan aktivitas fisik sedang sebayak 56.4%, aktivitas fisik tinggi 22.7% dan aktivitas fisik rendah 10.9%. Remaja dengan aktivitas fisik sedang dan aktivitas tinggi mengkonsumsi makanan dengan jumlah kalori yang normal, sedangkan remaja beraktivitas fisik rendah mengkonsumsi makanan dengan jumlah kalori tinggi. Kebiasaan pola makan remaja selama pandemi Covid-19 adalah mengkonsumsi sarapan sebanyak 6 kali/minggu, mengkonsumsi jajan sebanyak 3-5 kali/minggu, mengkonsumsi Fastfood sebanyak 3-5 kali/minggu dan mengkonsumsi suplemen dan sayur sebanyak 3-5 kali/minggu.
Objective: To evaluate the potency of the fraction of marine sponge Stylissa carteri in inducing cell death, inhibiting spheroid growth, and its impact on pro-apoptotic protein Mcl-1S in breast cancer cells. Methods: Stylissa carteri were collected from Pramuka Island followed by ethanol extraction and ethyl acetate fractionation. To evaluate the cytotoxic effect of fraction, the HCC-1954, MDA MB 231, and MCF-7 cells were treated with the fraction of Stylissa carteri and MTT assay was then performed. The effect on spheroid growth was evaluated in HCC-1954 cells. The combined effect of the ethyl acetate fraction and paclitaxel were analyzed using combination index (CI) and immunoblotting on the pro-apoptotic protein Mcl-1S. Furthermore, compounds in this fraction were identified using GC-MS. Results: Data showed that both the MDA MB 231 and HCC-1954 cells were interestingly more sensitive to the fraction as compared with MCF-7 cells. The IC 50 of the ethyl acetate fraction on HCC-1954, MDA MB 231 and MCF-7 were 4.1 µg/ml, 3.9 µg/ml, and 123.8 µg/ml, respectively. In addition, the fraction triggered spheroid destruction within 10 days. The CI of paclitaxel and ethyl acetate fraction of Stylissa carteri were less than 0.52. Moreover, this combination induced upregulation of the Mcl-1S protein. Furthermore, some fatty acid-based structures were predicted as the major compounds in this fraction. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction of Stylissa carteri induces cell death and spheroid destruction in aggressive breast cancer cells. It has a synergistic cytotoxic effect with paclitaxel on MDA MB 231 cell death and upregulates Mcl-1S protein.
The pseudoephedrine in pregnant women associated with an increased risk of hypertension and increased heart rate. These conditions force the heart to work harder and cause changes in heart structure, such as left ventricular hypertrophy due to an increase in the number and size of muscle cells. This study aims to determine pseudoephedrine administration in early pregnancy on mice hearts histological features. This study was pure in vivo with a completely randomized design conducted at Medical Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung, from January to August 2017. Subjects were 18 pregnant adult female mice randomly divided into four groups. One control group and three test groups were given oral pseudoephedrine every day at 0.312 mg/24 hours (P1); 0.624 mg/24 hours (P2); and 1.248 mg/24 hours (P3) for seven days starting from the age of pregnancy on day 1. On the 18th day of gestational age, mice sacrificed, then the heart organ was processed into microscopic preparations and stained by Harris’ hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Microscopic observations made using a microscope equipped with an optilab viewer with raster image 3. The results showed that the P3 group had a thicker left ventricular wall and significantly more heart muscle nuclei per mm3 than the control group (p<0.05). The results show that the administration of high doses of pseudoephedrine in early pregnancy can affect the structure of the heart. PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PSEUDOEFEDRIN PADA MASA AWAL KEBUNTINGAN TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOLOGI JANTUNG MENCIT BETINAAktivitas vasokontriksi pseudoefedrin pada ibu hamil diduga kuat berkaitan dengan peningkatan risiko hipertensi dan denyut jantung. Kondisi tersebut memaksa jantung bekerja lebih berat dan dapat menyebabkan perubahan struktur jantung seperti hipertrofi ventrikel kiri akibat peningkatan jumlah dan ukuran sel-sel otot. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pseudoefedrin pada masa awal kebuntingan terhadap gambaran histologi jantung mencit betina. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental laboratorium murni in vivo menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap yang dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Biologi Medik, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Islam Bandung dari bulan Januari hingga Agustus 2017. Subjek penelitian adalah 18 mencit betina dewasa bunting yang dibagi secara acak menjadi empat kelompok. Satu kelompok kontrol dan tiga kelompok uji yang diberi pseudoefedrin oral setiap hari dengan dosis 0,312 mg/24 jam (P1); 0,624 mg/24 jam (P2); dan 1,248 mg/24 jam (P3) selama 7 hari dimulai dari umur kebuntingan hari ke-1. Pada hari ke-18 umur kebuntingan, mencit dikorbankan kemudian organ jantung diproses menjadi sediaan mikroskopis dan dilakukan pewarnaan Harris’ hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Pengamatan sediaan mikroskopik dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikroskop yang dilengkapi dengan optilab viewer dengan image raster 3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelompok P3 memiliki dinding ventrikel kiri yang lebih tebal dan jumlah nuklei otot jantung yang lebih banyak per mm3 secara signifikan dibanding dengan kelompok kontrol (p<0,05). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pseudoefedrin dosis tinggi pada masa awal kehamilan dapat memengaruhi struktur jantung.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of paternal exposure to tertiary cigarette smoke on fetal morphometry and cognition of the offspring. This research is an experimental study with a complete randomized design. Twenty adult male mice used and randomly divided into control group and treated group which exposed to tertiary cigarette smoke for 14 days. After the smoking period, each male mated with two adult female mice. One group of female mice sacrificed and dissected to isolate the fetus on the 18th day of gestational. Fetal morphometry observed immediately. Another group of female mice allowed to give birth naturally. Then on the 30th day, novel object recognition (NOR) test performed to assess the cognitive function of the offspring. The results showed that the weight and length of the fetus from the treated group significantly smaller than that of the control group. Furthermore, offspring of the control group showed better performance significantly during NOR test. These results indicated that paternal exposure to cigarette residues affect the fetal development so that the fetus has smaller size and worse offspring cognition.
Abstract. Game online are games that are played at the same time even though they are not played in the same place. Faculty of Medicine students are students who are currently studying medical studies. Faculty of Medicine students are known for their busy schedules and many assignments, so they play game online to overcome boredom. Game online addiction can be understood as an excessive attitude towards the use of digital tools to play game online, makes players unable to control attitudes and emotions caused by excessive attitudes, and can have an impact on social behavior problems, especially at the emotional level. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between game online addiction and emotional levels in medical students at the Islamic University of Bandung. In the results of this study it was revealed that of the 114 students of the Faculty of Medicine at the Islamic University of Bandung, the dominant ones were not addicted to game online (81.6%) and had good emotions in playing game online (66.7%). From the results of this study it was found that the value of P = 0.490 which stated that there was no relationship between game online addiction and emotional levels in students of the Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Bandung. This is based on the existence of several things that can affect emotional levels such as student achievement and also good emotional intelligence. Abstrak. Game online adalah game yang dimainkan dalam waktu yang bersamaan walaupun tidak dimainkan di tempat yang sama. Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran merupakan mahasiswa yang sedang belajar dalam studi kedokteran. Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran dikenal dengan jadwal yang padat dan juga tugas yang banyak, sehingga mereka bermain game online untuk mengatasi jenuh. Kecanduan game online dapat dipahami sebagai sikap berlebihan terhadap penggunaan alat digital untuk bermain game online, membuat pemain tidak dapat mengontrol sikap dan emosi yang disebabkan oleh sikap berlebihan, dan dapat berdampak pada masalah perilaku sosial terutama pada tingkat emosional. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa hubungan kecanduan game online terhadap tingkat emosi pada mahasiswa fakultas kedokteran Universitas Islam Bandung. Pada hasil penelitian ini terungkap bahwa dari 114 orang mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Bandung dominan tidak mengalami kecanduan game online (81,6 %) dan memiliki emosi baik dalam bermain game online (66,7%). Dari hasil penelitian tersebut didapatkan bahwa nilai P = 0,490 yang menyatakan bahwa tidak terdapat adanya hubungan antara kecanduan game online terhadap tingkat emosi pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Bandung. Hal tersebut didasarkan pada adanya beberapa hal yang dapat mempengaruhi tingkat emosi seperti prestasi belajar mahasiswa dan juga kecerdasan emosional yang bagus.
Abstract. Covid-19 is an infectious disease caused by the Coronavirus 2 of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. It was predicted to appear in 2020. As a result of the pandemic, Work From Home has been established for the entire population, including youths and students who are afflicted. Restrictions on outside activities resulted in a variety of lifestyle modifications, including changes in physical activity and food. A high-calorie diet combined with insufficient physical activity might cause health concerns in teens. The goal of this study is to look at the description of physical activity and eating patterns in adolescents at SMA Negeri 4 Metro during the pandemic. This study is descriptive in nature. Proportional stratified random sampling was used to determine the sample size in this investigation. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Food Frequency Questionnaire were used to collect data. This study found that during the Covid-19 epidemic, 56.4 percent of teenagers engaged in moderate physical activity, 22.7 percent engaged in high physical activity, and 10.9 percent engaged in poor physical activity. Adolescents who engage in moderate to high physical activity eat foods with a typical number of calories, whereas adolescents who engage in low physical activity eat foods with a high number of calories. During the Covid-19 epidemic, teenagers ate breakfast six times per week, snacks three times per week, fast food three times per week, and supplements and veggies three times per week. Abstrak. Covid-19 merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 dan di tetapkan menjadi pandemi pada tahun 2020. Pandemi ini menyebabkan ditetapkannya Work From Home untuk seluruh masyarakat, termasuk remaja atau siswa yang bersekolah. Pembatasan aktivitas di luar rumah mengakibatkan terjadinya beberapa perubahan pola hidup termasuk perubahan aktivitas fisik dan pola makan. Pada remaja yang aktivitas fisiknya sedikit dengan pola makan yang memliki kalori tinggi dapat menyebabkan permasalahan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana gambaran aktivitas fisik dan pola makan selama pandemi pada remaja di SMA Negeri 4 Metro. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Besar sampel dalam penelitian ini diambil dengan cara Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan Global Physical Activity Questionnaire dan Formulir Food Frequency Questionnaire. Hasil yang didapatkan dalam penelitian ini yaitu jumlah presentase remaja selama pandemi Covid-19 melakukan aktivitas fisik sedang sebayak 56.4%, aktivitas fisik tinggi 22.7% dan aktivitas fisik rendah 10.9%. Remaja dengan aktivitas fisik sedang dan aktivitas tinggi mengkonsumsi makanan dengan jumlah kalori yang normal, sedangkan remaja beraktivitas fisik rendah mengkonsumsi makanan dengan jumlah kalori tinggi. Kebiasaan pola makan remaja selama pandemi Covid-19 adalah mengkonsumsi sarapan sebanyak 6 kali/minggu, mengkonsumsi jajan sebanyak 3-5 kali/minggu, mengkonsumsi Fastfood sebanyak 3-5 kali/minggu dan mengkonsumsi suplemen dan sayur sebanyak 3-5 kali/minggu.
Abstract. Obesity is ranked fifth as a primary health problem in the world. Obesity is abnormal fat accumulation caused by a long-term imbalance between energy intake and energy use. This energy imbalance causes excess adipose accumulation. Adipose tissue functions to produce cytokines such as IL-6. Increased cytokine production creates a chronic proinflammatory state. Obesity management can be carried out with multimodal lifestyle interventions such as changes in diet, including controlled food portions and healthy foods such as probiotics. Probiotics have a mechanism of action, namely immunomodulation, so that they can reduce the production of cytokines such as IL-6. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether probiotic supplementation is effective in reducing IL-6 levels in obese adult patients. This research uses a scoping review study to identify, analyze, and evaluate scientific writing through Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink data sources that meet the inclusion, exclusion, and eligibility criteria using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist summarized in the PRISMA diagram. 4,309 articles were produced from the three data sources, 526 articles met the inclusion criteria, and 5 articles met the exclusion and eligibility criteria. The results of three articles stated that probiotic supplementation was effective for reducing IL-6 levels in adults with obesity, while two articles stated that there were no significant changes. Two articles stated that there was no significant change in IL-6 levels were studies using synbiotics, which consisted of prebiotics and probiotics, while three other research articles using only probiotics stated that there was a decrease in IL-6 levels. Abstrak. Obesitas menduduki peringkat kelima sebagai masalah kesehatan primer di dunia. Obesitas diartikan akumulasi lemak abnormal disebabkan oleh ketidakseimbangan jangka panjang antara asupan energi dan penggunaan energi. Ketidaksimbangan energi tersebut menimbulkan akumulasi adiposa berlebih. Jaringan adiposa berfungsi menghasilkan sitokin seperti IL-6. Peningkatan produksi sitokin menimbulkan keadaan proinflamasi kronis. Manajemen obesitas dapat dilakukan dengan multimodal lifestyle intervention seperti perubahan pola makan termasuk porsi makanan terkontrol serta makanan sehat seperti probiotik. Probiotik memiliki mekanisme aksi yaitu imunomodulasi sehingga dapat menurunkan produksi sitokin seperti IL-6. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis apakah suplementasi probiotik efektif menurunkan kadar IL-6 pada pasien obesitas dewasa. Penelitian menggunakan studi scoping review untuk mengidentifikasi, menganalisis, dan mengevaluasi tulisan ilmiah melalui sumber data Pubmed, ScienceDirect, dan SpringerLink yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, ekslusi dan kelayakan menggunakan JBI Critical Apprasial Checklist dirangkum dalam diagram PRISMA. Dihasilkan 4.309 artikel dari ketiga sumber data, 526 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan 5 artikel memenuhi kriteria ekslusi dan kelayakan. Hasil dari 3 artikel menyatakan suplementasi probiotik efektif untuk menurunkan kadar IL-6 pada orang dewasa dengan obesitas, sedangkan 2 artikel menyatakan tidak ada perubahan yang signifikan. Dua artikel yang menyebutkan tidak ada perubahan signifikan kadar IL-6 merupakan penelitian menggunakan sinbiotik yaitu terdiri dari prebiotik dan probiotik sedangkan 3 artikel penelitian lainnya hanya menggunakan probiotik menyebutkan terdapat penurunan kadar IL-6.
Oral exams that assess aspects of analytical thinking, critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and can assess communication and presentation skills. During a pandemic, learning that was initially offline (face to face) changed to online (virtual). This can be a risk factor for changes in student grades. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in academic achievement results of regular oral examinations (SOOCA) between online and offline learning in FK UNISBA students Batch 2019. This research is an observational study with a cross-sectional design. Subjects in this study totaled 197 people selected by total sampling who met the inclusion criteria. Data obtained from secondary data were analyzed univariately and bivariately using the chi-square relationship test. The results of the study found that the average value of the regular oral exams for students was more that scored 76-100 offline (32.4)% and when online students scored more 64-75 (27.9%). Interaction in the process of learning and teaching is an important factor that influences the success of learning. When offline students will find it easier to get in touch with lecturers than when online. Therefore, the test results with offline learning are better than online learning. Abstrak. Ujian lisan yang menilai aspek berpikir analisis, berpikir kritis, clinical reasoning, dan dapat menilai kemampuan komunikasi dan presentasi. Pada saat pandemi pembelajaran yang awalnya luring (tatap muka) berubah menjadi daring (virtual) hal ini dapat menjadi faktor risiko perubahan nilai pada mahasiswa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil capaian akademik ujian lisan regular (SOOCA) antara pembelajaran daring dan luring pada mahasiswa FK UNISBA Angkatan 2019. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian observasional dengan desai cross sectional. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 197 orang dipilih secara total sampling yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data didapatkan dari data sekunder yang dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan chi-square uji hubungan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa nilai rata-rata ujian lisan reguler mahasiswa lebih banyak yang mendapatkan nilai 76-100 pada saat luring (32,4)% dan pada saat daring mahasiswa lebih banyak mendapatkan nilai 64-75 (27,9%). Interaksi dalam proses belajar dan mengajar adalah faktor penting yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan belajar. Pada saat luring mahasiswa akan lebih mudah untuk berhubungan dengan dosen dibandingkan pada saat daring. Oleh karena itu hasil ujian dengan pembelajaran luring lebih baik dibandingkan pembelajaran secara daring.
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