Diagnosing Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) in children is challenging due to its highly variable clinical presentation. However, the clinical profile still becomes the hallmark of diagnosis. Thus, this study was aimed at exploring the clinical profile of pediatric GBS. This is a retrospective study of clinical profile at a national referral hospital in West Java, Indonesia from January 2011‒December 2015. From a total of 40 patients, 27 complete medical records were included in the study. The gender distribution, females were outnumbered, male. Most patients were in preschool (4-5 years) and school-age (6-12 years) category. All patients had bilateral, progressive, and ascending pattern muscle weakness. Muscle weakness limited in legs was evident in 29.6% of patients. Sensory deficits were presented in 37%, autonomic dysfunction 14.8%, cranial nerve involvement 29.6%, and respiratory failure 11.1%. Most patients were discharged from the hospital with improvement. GBS profile in our pediatric patients has wide-ranging manifestation thus diagnosis criteria covering all patients are very important.
Cigarette residue toxins can accumulate in the body, including the pancreas, which potentially reduces pancreas function. In addition, the active compounds in cigarettes are reporting to interfere with an elevation of reactive oxygen species, leading to disruption of pancreatic microstructures. Furthermore, pancreatic cell dysfunction is responsible for developing diabetes mellitus disease. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of thirdhand smoke exposure on mice pancreatic microstructure image. It was an in vivo laboratory experimental study with a completely randomized design at the Medical Biology Laboratory of the Universitas Islam Bandung from November 2020–June 2021. The subjects were 20 adult male mice aged 8–10 weeks, weighing 25–30 grams, in good health condition, and randomly divided into two groups (control group and treatment group exposed to thirdhand cigarette smoke for four weeks). After the completion of the exposure period, pancreatic cells isolation was performing. The parameters observed in this study were the number and diameter islet of Langerhans. Data analysis used the independent t test parametric (α=5%). The results showed that the number and diameter islet of Langerhans in the treated group were significantly lower than the control group (p<0.05). The average number in the control group was 9.40±3.20, while in the treatment group was 4.90±2.74 (28% smaller). The average diameter of control was 225.96±50.15 mm, while treatment was 162±49.68 mm (50% lower). In conclusion, thirdhand smoke exposure alters the pancreas microstructure. The toxic compounds on thirdhand cigarette smoke are involving in generating an elevation of free radical levels, depletion of antioxidants, and alteration of signal transduction resulted in acceleration of apoptosis rate of the islet of Langerhans, especially pancreatic β-cells. PENGARUH PAPARAN ASAP ROKOK TERSIER PADA GAMBARAN MIKROSTRUKTUR PANKREAS MENCITToksik residu rokok dapat terakumulasi pada tubuh, termasuk pankeas sehingga dapat menurunkan fungsi pankreas. Selain itu, senyawa aktif dalam rokok dilaporkan meningkatkan radikal bebas yang menyebabkan kerusakan mikrostruktur pankreas. Selanjutnya, disfungsi sel pankreas meningkatkan risiko diabetes melitus. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh asap rokok tersier terhadap gambaran mikrostruktur pankreas mencit. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium in vivo dengan rancangan acak lengkap di Laboratorium Biologi Medik Universitas Islam Bandung periode November 2020–Juni 2021. Subjek penelitian adalah 20 mencit jantan dewasa berumur 8–10 minggu, bobot 25–30 gram, kondisi sehat, dan dibagi secara acak menjadi dua kelompok (kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan yang mendapat paparan asap rokok tersier selama empat minggu). Setelah periode pemberian paparan selesai, dilakukan isolasi sel pankreas. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah jumlah dan diameter pulau Langerhans (islet of Langerhans). Analisis data menggunakan parametrik independent t test (α=5%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah dan diameter pulau Langerhans pada kelompok perlakuan lebih rendah dibanding dengan kelompok kontrol (p<0,05). Jumlah rerata pada kelompok kontrol adalah 9,40±3,20, sedangkan pada kelompok perlakuan 4,90±2,74 (lebih rendah 28%). Diameter rerata pada kelompok kontrol adalah 225,96±50,19 mm dan kelompok perlakuan 162,89±49.68 mm (lebih rendah 50%). Simpulan, paparan asap rokok tersier dapat memengaruhi gambaran mikrostruktur pankreas. Senyawa toksik pada asap rokok tersier diduga terlibat dalam peningkatan kadar radikal bebas, penurunan kadar antioksidan, dan perubahan transduksi sinyal yang mengakibatkan peningkatan laju apoptosis pulau Langerhans, terutama sel β pankreas.
Abstract. Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic gram-positive bacteria, and has a polysaccharide capsule. Robusta coffee water extract (Coffea canephora) has greater bacteriostatic activity because it contains highly active compounds such as Caffeine and Trigonelin. The antibacterial activity is an alternative treatment for choosing instant coffee with sugar to kill or inhibit antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial power of Robusta coffee water extract (Coffea canephora) and instant coffee water extract with sugar. This study used experimental research using IBM SPSS 25 software. The method used was Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion with 7 samples, namely Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) water extract in three concentrations, namely 50%, 75%, and 100%, instant coffee extract with sugar in three concentrations, namely 50%, 75%, and 100% as treatment, and Gentamicin as a positive control. The results showed that the aqueous extract of Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) had an average zone of inhibition at a concentration of 100% (16.43 mm), a concentration of 75% (15.87 mm), and a concentration of 50% (14.54 mm). At the same time, no zone of inhibition was found in the water extract of instant coffee with sugar at concentrations of 50%, 75%, and 100% for S. aureus. In conclusion, the inhibition power of Robusta coffee water extract is more potent than instant coffee water extract with sugar against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Abstrak. Staphylococcus aureus adalah bakteri gram positif fakultatif anaerob, dan memiliki kapsul polisakarida. Ekstrak air kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) memiliki aktivitas bakteriostatik karena memiliki kandungan senyawa aktif yang tinggi seperti Kafein dan Trigonelin. Aktivitas antibakteri menjadi alternatif pengobatan untuk memilih kopi instan dengan gula untuk membunuh atau menghambat bakteri yang resisten antibiotik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui antibakteri ekstrak air kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) dan ekstrak air kopi instan dengan gula terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi eksperimental dengan perangkat lunak IBM SPSS 25. Metode yang digunakan dengan disc diffusion Kirby Bauer dengan 7 sampel, yakni ekstrak air kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) dalam tiga konsentrasi yaitu 50%, 75%, dan 100%, ekstrak kopi instan dengan gula dalam tiga konsentrasi yaitu 50%, 75%, dan 100% sebagai perlakuan, dan antibiotik Gentamisin sebagai kontrol positif. Hasil penelitian didapatkan ekstrak air kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) memiliki rata-rata zona inhibisi yaitu pada konsentrasi 100%, (16,43 mm), konsentrasi 75% (15,87 mm) dan konsentrasi 50% (14,54 mm). Sedangkan tidak ditemukan zona inhibisi pada ekstrak air kopi instan dengan gula pada konsentrasi 50%, 75% dan 100% terhadap S. aureus. Kesimpulannya, bahwa daya hambat ekstrak air kopi Robusta lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan ekstrak air kopi instan dengan gula terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus.
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of paternal exposure to tertiary cigarette smoke on fetal morphometry and cognition of the offspring. This research is an experimental study with a complete randomized design. Twenty adult male mice used and randomly divided into control group and treated group which exposed to tertiary cigarette smoke for 14 days. After the smoking period, each male mated with two adult female mice. One group of female mice sacrificed and dissected to isolate the fetus on the 18th day of gestational. Fetal morphometry observed immediately. Another group of female mice allowed to give birth naturally. Then on the 30th day, novel object recognition (NOR) test performed to assess the cognitive function of the offspring. The results showed that the weight and length of the fetus from the treated group significantly smaller than that of the control group. Furthermore, offspring of the control group showed better performance significantly during NOR test. These results indicated that paternal exposure to cigarette residues affect the fetal development so that the fetus has smaller size and worse offspring cognition.
Abstract. COVID-19 causes various clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic, mild, moderate to severe which is characterized by the presence of sepsis, septic shock and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) which is believed to be due to a cytokine storm. COVID-19 patients experience an imbalanced immune response including weak production of type-1 interferon (IFN-Is) and the presence of a cytokine storm with relatively high levels of IL-6. Interferon α or β and IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibodies namely Tocilizumab and Sarilumab are immunomodulators recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Aims of this research to understand the role of immunomodulators (Interferon Beta-1A) in influencing the outcome of COVID-19 patients. This research uses the method scoping review of the three databases; Pubmed Mesh, Science Direct, and Springerlink and carried out critical appraisal was using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Randomized Controlled Trials. The results of this study obtained six articles eligible. Combined use of interferon β-1a with Lopinavir or Ritonavir or Atanazavir or Ritonavir plus Hydroxychloroquine and interferon β-1a alone has a significant effect on clinical manifestations of COVID-19 patients including symptom reduction, improvement in symptoms of shortness of breath and total BCSS score (The Breathlessness, Cough and Sputum Scale), reduction in the development of patient comorbidities (odds of severe disease or death), decreased overall 28-day mortality and increased discharge rates at day 14. Abstrak. COVID-19 menimbulkan berbagai manifestasi klinis mulai dari tidak bergejala, ringan sampai sedang hingga berat yang ditandai dengan adanya sepsis, syok sepsis dan Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) yang dipercaya akibat adanya badai sitokin. Pasien COVID-19 mengalami ketidakseimbangan respon imun diantaranya lemahnya produksi interferon tipe-1 (IFN-Is) dan adanya badai sitokin dengan kadar IL-6 relatif tinggi. Interferon α atau β serta IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibodies yakni Tocilizumab dan Sarilumab merupakan immunomodulator yang direkomendasikan oleh World Health Organization (WHO) dan National Institutes of Health (NIH). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memahami peranan immunomodulator (Interferon Beta-1A) dalam memengaruhi hasil klinis pasien COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode scoping review dari tiga database; Pubmed Mesh, Science Direct, dan Springerlink serta dilakukan critical appraisal menggunakan JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Randomized Controlled Trials. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan enam buah artikel yang eligible. Penggunaan kombinasi interferon β-1a dengan Lopinavir atau Ritonavir atau Atanazavir atau Ritonavir ditambah Hidroksiklorokuin serta interferon β-1a tunggal berpengaruh signifikan terhadap manifestasi klinis pasien COVID-19 meliputi pengurangan gejala, perbaikan gejala sesak nafas dan total skor BCSS (The Breathlessness, Cough and Sputum Scale), pengurangan perkembangan komorbid penyakit pasien (odds of severe disease or death), penurunan angka keseluruhan mortalitas 28 hari dan peningkatan tingkat kepulangan pada hari ke 14.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.