Intracranial lipomas are rare congenital malformations. They are usually pericallosal asymptomatic midline lesions. Other brain malformations are often seen in association with intracranial lipomas. We describe the findings of imaging studies, including computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and MR angiography, along with a brief review of the literature. The frequency and the spectrum of the associated brain malformations are also discussed. We retrospectively reviewed CT and MR findings of 24 patients (14 female, 10 male, mean age 38.6 years) diagnosed with intracranial lipoma between December 2000 and June 2004 in two different radiology departments. Seventeen of the patients were diagnosed using cranial MR and seven with cranial CT. The CT density of all lesions was measured. Imaging characteristics of lipomas, morphological findings and associated malformations were described. The intracranial locations of the lipomas were left-sided quadrigeminal cistern (n=3), right-sided quadrigeminal cistern (n=4), interpeduncular cistern (n=1), sylvian fissure (n=3), interhemispheric fissure (n=3), choroid plexus (n=2), intercerebellar fissure (n=3), corpus fornicis (n=1) and the periphery of the corpus callosum (n=4). Eighteen of the intracranial lipomas were tubulonodular; six were curvilinear. Associated anomalies were observed in six patients. All of the patients with sylvian fissure lipoma had seizures. The two preferential sites of intracranial lipomas were pericallosal and dorsal mesencephalic. Most intracranial lipomas are found incidentally during neuroradiological investigations. CT and MR examination usually lead to the diagnosis, because of the very low attenuation values of lipomas on CT and the short T1 and T2 on MR. Midline anomalies and other malformations such as aneurysms are frequently associated with intracranial lipomas. Careful radiologic evaluation is therefore necessary to evaluate associated pathologies. Sylvian fissure lipomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with epilepsy.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical, radiographic, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and masticatory muscles in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Twenty-eight RA patients and 29 healthy subjects were participated in the study. The patient underwent clinical and laboratory investigation. DAS28 scores were calculated. Lateral panoramic radiography was performed to evaluate condylar erosion and condylar movement. Craniofacial MRI was performed to evaluate TMJ and masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid muscles' thickness, and cross-sectional area. It was found that the mean maximal interincisal distance, range of lateral, retrusive (P < 0.05) and protrusive motion were all lesser in RA group. Lateral panoramic radiography revealed a distinct erosion in 10.7% (3/28) and restricted condylar movement in 53.6% (15/28) of RA patients. Two RA patients demonstrating marked condylar erosion in lateral panoramic radiographs were RF negative and had DAS28 scores 3.41 and 4.61. MRI findings revealed condylar erosion and effusion in one RA patient and atrophic changes of masticatory muscles in another patient. There was no statistical significance between RA and healthy groups for the thickness and cross-sectional areas of the masticatory muscles. RA group revealed a strong linear relationship for the right and left muscle thickness and cross-sectional areas in regression analysis. TMJ symptoms are frequent findings and thought to be affected from mean disease duration in RA. Laboratory findings should be considered for disease activity-related TMJ involvement. RA patients did not present muscular atrophy or hypertrophy.

Muscle herniation is a focal protrusion of muscle tissue through a defect in the deep fascial layer. Anterior tibial muscle is the most commonly affected muscle of the lower extremities because its fascia is the most vulnerable to trauma. Clinically it is characterized by asymptomatic or painful, skin-coloured, soft, subcutaneous nodules of various size depending on the position. The diagnosis is usually made clinically based on its typical manifestations, but ultrasonographic examination is useful for detecting the fascial defect and excluding other conditions caused by soft tissue tumours such as lipomas, angiolipomas, fibromas, schwannomas or varicosities. Although this entity is not rare, it has been less well documented in the dermatological literature. We report a case of bilateral tibialis anterior muscle herniation mimicking a soft tissue tumour in a young amateur football player.

The most effective treatment modality was P-CS according to ultrasonographic and other findings. Although there were inverse correlations between the CSA of MN and sensory and motor MN conduction velocity, no relationship was found between symptom severity, functional status and US findings or electrophysiological studies.

Anatomical variations of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery are not infrequent. Knowledge of the existing aberrations is important in planning and conducting surgical or radiological procedures. A case of right hepatic artery arising independently from the aorta supplying an hepatocellular carcinoma was identified, through which transarterial chemoembolization was successfully performed. A second case is presented with a common splenomesenteric trunk branching into the splenic and superior mesenteric arteries. These two cases represent exceptional arterial variations in the upper abdomen.

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