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In conclusion, axial length influences peripapillary RNFL thickness as measured by RTVue OCT. However, this appears to be due to the ocular magnification effects associated with axial length and can be corrected for with the application of the Littman formula.

Both the cross-like and circular Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy techniques induce similar visual and IOP changes. The circular technique is associated with a higher amount of energy used, more floater symptoms, and has a greater effect on macular thickness at one day after laser capsulotomy.

Scheimpflug-Placido disc topographer detected significant changes in the AC parameters after LPI in all groups. However, compared with PACS and PAC, the PACG showed significant alterations in the AC parameters through 6 months.

Objectives:To evaluate the potential of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in two arms (360˚ vs. 180˚) as a replacement for fixed combinations (FCs) with timolol in primary open angle glaucoma over 6 months.Materials and Methods:Of 40 patients in a prospective, comparative, interventional case series, 18 eyes and 22 eyes were randomized to SLT 180º and SLT 360º groups, respectively, along with 40 fellow-control eyes. FC with timolol was discontinued on the day of treatment for the eye to be operated on, while ongoing therapy was not interrupted for the contralateral eye. Eyes were examined for intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation 1 hour and 1 day after SLT. The follow-up visits were then scheduled for 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after, during the which the IOP of both eyes and any possible complications were evaluated.Results:There were no statistically significant differences in mean IOPs through 6 months among the groups with exception of postlaser 1 hour and postlaser 1 day (p<0.001 and p=0.010, respectively). Multiple comparison analysis showed significantly higher IOP in both SLT 180º and SLT 360º subgroups compared to their controls at postlaser 1 hour (p=0.007, p<0.001) but significantly lower IOP only in SLT 360º subgroup compared to the controls at postlaser day 1 (p=0.013).Conclusion:SLT offers promising potential as a substitute equivalent to efficacy of FCs with timolol. However, SLT 360˚ may not achieve additional IOP reduction.

Statistical AnalysisThe rates and distributions in this case series were indicated as percentages and frequencies. RESULTSThe physicians were found to be faulty in all the cases that were examined. The reason for physician fault was failure to show the necessary professional care and attention in one (4.7%) file, whereas the Objective: The aim was to evaluate the parameters that were considered by Forensic Medicine in bile duct injury as well as the issues that the physicians were found to be faulty. Material and Methods:The following parameters were investigated in 21 files that were referred to Istanbul Forensic Medicine Institute with request of expert opinion between 2008-2012; expert decisions, patient's age, gender, written patient consent, diagnosis, type of first surgery, surgical complications, timing of complication diagnosis within the scope of complication management, patient's referral timing, troubleshooting procedures and mortality rate.Results: Physicians were found to be faulty in all files. The reason for physician fault was failure to show the necessary professional care and attention in one (4.7%) file, late recognition of injury and late transfer of the patient in 20 (95.3%) files. Written consent had not been obtained in any of the files. Thirteen patients were female (61.9%) and 8 (30.1%) were male, with a mean age of 43.3 years. Nineteen patients had cholelithiasis (90.4%), and two patients (9.5%) had a mass in the head of the pancreas. Cholecystectomy was performed laparoscopically in 15 patients (78.9%), and with open surgery in 4 patients (21.1%). The Whipple procedure was performed in two patients. The diagnosis was made during the operation in one patient (4.7%), and in the post-operative period in 20 patients (95.3%). The time to diagnosis after surgery was between 3-6 days. All of the patients had been referred to third level health care facilities. The timing of transfer was 1 day in the patient who was diagnosed during the operation, and ranged between 4-10 days in those who were diagnosed postoperatively. Reasons for late referral were delays related to pending test results in 12 patients, vague signs in 3 patients, and following-up patients with the thought that the biliary fistula will heal by itself in 5 patients. Mortality was not observed in any of the examined files. Conclusion:The issues where physicians were most frequently found to be faulty were failure to obtain written patient consent, late recognition of injury and late transfer of the patient.

ÖzetAmaç: Primer aç›k aç›l› glokomlu olgularda Optik Koherens Tomografi (OKT) ile ölçülen retina sinir lifi tabakas› ve gangliyon hücre kompleksinin kal›nl›klar›n›n normal olgular ile karfl›laflt›r›lmas›. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çal›flmaya 86's› glokom 51'i normal olmak üzere 137 olgunun 274 gözü al›nd›. OKT ile retina sinir lifi tabakas› (RSLT) ve gangliyon hücre kompleksi (GHK) ölçümleri yap›ld›. Her göz için RSLT ve GHK ortalama de¤eri, alt ve üst yar›lar›n ölçümü ile ölçüm s›ras›nda alet taraf›ndan verilen Sinyal gücü göstergesi (SGG) sonuçlar› kaydedildi. Sonuçlar, glokom hastalar›n›n kendi aralar›nda korelasyonu ve kontrol grubu ile karfl›laflt›r›lmas› aç›s›ndan istatistiksel olarak de¤erlendirildi. Sonuçlar: Her iki olgu grubu aras›nda yafl ve cinsiyet oranlar› aç›s›ndan anlaml› fark bulunmad›. RSLT ve GHK ortalama de¤erleri glokomlu ve normal olgularda s›ras›yla 97,03±13,85 μm, 113,48±9,00 μm; üst yar› ölçümleri yine s›ras›yla 95,83±13,71 μm, 111,49±11,14 μm; alt yar› ölçümleri ise 98,44±15,63 μm, 115,50±9,25 Ìm olarak saptand›. Tüm de¤erler glokom olgular›nda kontrol grubuna göre istatiksel olarak anlaml› düzeyde düflük bulundu. SGG sonuçlar› de¤erlendirildi¤inde ise yine glokom olgular›nda kontrol grubuna göre istatiksel olarak anlaml› düzeyde düflük bulundu. RSLT SGG sonuçlar›, GHK SGG sonuçlar› ile karfl›laflt›r›ld›¤›nda ise RSLT sonuçlar› GHK sonuçlar›na göre istatiksel olarak anlaml› düzeyde düflük bulundu. Tart›flma: Glokom hastalar›n›n tan› ve izleminde RSLT kadar GHK ölçümünün de önemli oldu¤u dikkat çekici olmufltur. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2010; 40: 338-42) Anahtar Kelimeler: Glokom, optik koherens tomografi, retina sinir lifi tabakas›, ganglion hücre kompleksi Summary Purpose: To compare the optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cells complex (GCC) thickness in primary open-angle glaucoma patients and normal patients. Material and Method: 274 eyes of 137 subjects were enrolled in the study: 86 glaucoma patients and 51 normal subjects as a control group. RNFL and GCC were measured by OCT. The average values of GCC and RNFL for each eye, the superior and inferior half measurements and the signal strength indicator (SSI) results were recorded. Results were statistically evaluated by correlation among the glaucoma patients and comparison between the normal and glaucoma groups. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups for age and gender distributions. The mean RNFL and GCC measurements were 97.03±13.85 μm in glaucoma patients and 113.48±9.00 μm in normal subjects. Superior half measurements were 95.83±13.71 μm in glaucoma patients and 111.49±11.14 μm in normal subjects. Inferior half measurements were 98.44±15.63 μm in glaucoma patients and 115.50±9.25 μm in normal subjects. Both GCC and RNFL averages and superior and inferior measurements were found statistically significantly lower in glaucoma group. SSI results were also statistically significantly lower in the glaucoma group. SSI of RNFL results were statistically significant...

Amaç: Kuru gözü olan ve olmayan kişilerde gözyaşı osmolaritesinin gün içi değişikliklerini, ikincil olarak da bu değişikliklerin Schirmer Testi ve Gözyaşı kırılma zamanı (GKZ) ile ilişkisini değerlendirmeyi hedefledik. Ge reç ve Yön tem: Yeni tanı konmuş 20 kuru göz hastası ile aynı yaş ve cinsiyete sahip 20 sağlıklı gönüllü prospektif olarak çalışmaya dahil edildi. Katılımcıların tümüne tam oftalmolojik muayene yanı sıra Schirmer II Testi ve GKZ testleri yapıldı. Gözyaşı osmolaritesi ölçümleri, ön muayenenin yapıldığı gün sonrasında farklı bir günde yapıldı. Ölçümler saat 08.00 ile 17.00 arasında üçer saatlik aralarla TearLab osmolarite cihazı (TearLab Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA) ile kaydedildi. Sonuçlar, istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildi. Sonuçlar: Kontrol ve kuru göz sendromu (KGS) gruplarının yaş ortalamaları, cinsiyetleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmadı (p>0,05). KGS Grubunun Schirmer Testi ve GKZ ölçüm ortalamaları kontrol grubundan istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ölçüde düşük bulunmuştur (p=0,0001). KGS Grubunun saat 08.00, 11.00, 14.00 ve 17.00 gözyaşı osmolaritesi ölçümü ortalamaları kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ölçüde yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0,001, p=0,0001). KGS ve Kontrol Gruplarının, grup içi ve gruplar arası saat 08.00, 11.00, 14.00 ve 17.00 gözyaşı osmolaritesi ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark gözlenmemiştir (p>0,05). Tar t›fl ma: Kuru gözlü ve sağlıklı normal bireylerde, gün içi gözyaşı osmolaritesi ölçümlerinin değişkenliğini değerlendirdiğimiz çalışmamızın sonucunda, her iki grupta da anlamlı değişiklik saptamadık. İkincil sonuç olarak, KGS tanısında gözyaşı osmolaritesi, Shirmer ve GKZ testleri arasında fark olmadığı sonucuna vardık. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2013; 43: 437-41) Anah tar Ke li me ler: Kuru göz sendromu, gözyaşı osmolaritesi, Schirmer testi, gözyaşı kırılma zamanı Sum maryPur po se: We have targeted primarily to show the variations of tear osmolarity during the daytime period in subjects with dry eyes and non-dry eyes and, secondarily, to evaluate the relationship of these variations with Schirmer's test and break-up time (BUT). Ma te ri al and Met hod: Twenty newly diagnosed dry eye patients and 20 healthy voluntary subjects with similar age and gender were included in this prospective study. In addition to the full ophthalmic examination, Schirmer's test and BUT test were applied to all participants. Tear osmolarity measurements were done after pre-examination but in different day. The measurements were registered with TearLab Osmolarity System (TearLab Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA) every 3 hours within 8:00 AM and 5:00 PM. The results were evaluated statistically. Re sults: No statistically significant difference was found between the mean age and gender of dry eye syndrome (DES) and control groups (p>0.05). The mean measurements of Schirmer's test and BUT in the DES group were statistically significantly lower than those in the control group (p=0.0001). , and within DES and control groups (p>0.05). Dis cus si...