Both the cross-like and circular Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy techniques induce similar visual and IOP changes. The circular technique is associated with a higher amount of energy used, more floater symptoms, and has a greater effect on macular thickness at one day after laser capsulotomy.

Purpose To evaluate the refractive precision of three‐piece versus one‐piece intraocular lenses (IOLs) in eyes with pseudoexfoliation (PXF) and changes in anterior chamber depth (ACD) following cataract surgery. Methods This prospective, nonrandomized, interventional, comparative case series included PXF eyes, which were implanted with one‐piece acrylic IOL or three‐piece acrylic IOLs (Group A; n = 31, Group B; n = 30). Non‐PXF control eyes were implanted with one‐piece acrylic IOL (Group C; n = 30). Postoperative refractive error (RE) and absolute RE, as well as pre‐ to postoperative ACD changes, were statistically analysed. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Changes in ACD (mean ± standard deviation) in Groups A, B and C were 0.9 ± 0.4, 1.0 ± 0.3 and 0.7 ± 0.4 mm, respectively. Significant differences were found between Groups A and C (p = 0.043) and between Groups B and C (p = 0.008). In Groups A, B and C, the median and interquartile (Q1 to Q3) values were 0.3 (−0.8 to 1.0), −0.5 (−0.8 to −0.3) and 0.1 (−0.4 to 0.3) for RE and 1.0 (0.4 to 1.3), 0.5 (0.3 to 0.8) and 0.3 (0.3 to 0.5) for absolute RE, respectively. The RE differences between Group A and B (p = 0.009) and Group B and C (p < 0.001) were statistically significant. For absolute RE, the differences were significant for all comparisons (p < 0.05). Conclusion Refractive precision in PXF eyes may be better with three‐piece than with one‐piece IOL implantation, but worse than with one‐piece IOL implantation in non‐PXF eyes. Significant changes in ACD in PXF eyes may be related to RE.

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This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the internet-based, free Teachable Machine (TM) platform, which does not entail code knowledge, in detecting the presence and types of strabismus in the optimum hyperparameters. Material and Methods:The images obtained from the patients who presented to our clinic with the complaint of ocular deviation were analyzed, and 523 [176 esotropia (ET), 195 exotropia (XT), and 152 orthophoria (ORTHO)] images were included in this study. After the images were uploaded to the TM platform, 6 different batch sizes and 9 different learning rates were tested using the grid search method, with the number of epochs fixed at 4,000 to determine the optimum hyperparameter. Results: The highest overall test accuracy was 0.887, and the hyperparameters from which this accuracy was obtained were 200 for the number of epochs, 256 for the batch size, and 0.0005 for the learning rate. In the TM model trained with these parameters, accuracy values of ET: 0.96, ORTHO: 0.78 and XT: 0.9 were obtained in the subgroups, respectively. Conclusion: To achieve optimal accuracy at the stage of development of the artificial intelligence model, users should determine the appropriate hyperparameter values depending on the size of the available dataset and the complexity of the data. The results we obtained by determining the optimum hyperparameters have revealed that the presence of strabismus can be detected with high accuracy using TM, an internet-based, free deep learning platform that does not entail having code knowledge.

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Purpose To assess the effects of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (vitamin D 3 ) either alone or under oxidative damage on human retinal pigment epithelium cell lines. Methods The human retinal pigment epithelial cell lines were pretreated with hydrogen peroxide with different concentrations (100-1000 lM) and durations (4, 12 and 24 h) to determine the appropriate dose. A group of cells were treated with vitamin D 3 alone, and another group of cells were co-treated with different concentrations of (10-100 nM) vitamin D 3 and hydrogen peroxide. Anti-cytotoxic, anti-apoptotic and anti-genotoxic effects of vitamin D 3 on the hydrogen peroxide treated cell line were evaluated. In addition, mitochondrial membrane potentials of treated cell lines were measured. Results Vitamin D 3 showed statistically significant anti-cytotoxic effects and increased cell viability in all concentrations (p \ 0.001). It has also significantly decreased the intracellular ROS generation at concentrations between 10-60 nM and increased intracellular

Amaç: Kuru gözü olan ve olmayan kişilerde gözyaşı osmolaritesinin gün içi değişikliklerini, ikincil olarak da bu değişikliklerin Schirmer Testi ve Gözyaşı kırılma zamanı (GKZ) ile ilişkisini değerlendirmeyi hedefledik. Ge reç ve Yön tem: Yeni tanı konmuş 20 kuru göz hastası ile aynı yaş ve cinsiyete sahip 20 sağlıklı gönüllü prospektif olarak çalışmaya dahil edildi. Katılımcıların tümüne tam oftalmolojik muayene yanı sıra Schirmer II Testi ve GKZ testleri yapıldı. Gözyaşı osmolaritesi ölçümleri, ön muayenenin yapıldığı gün sonrasında farklı bir günde yapıldı. Ölçümler saat 08.00 ile 17.00 arasında üçer saatlik aralarla TearLab osmolarite cihazı (TearLab Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA) ile kaydedildi. Sonuçlar, istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildi. Sonuçlar: Kontrol ve kuru göz sendromu (KGS) gruplarının yaş ortalamaları, cinsiyetleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmadı (p>0,05). KGS Grubunun Schirmer Testi ve GKZ ölçüm ortalamaları kontrol grubundan istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ölçüde düşük bulunmuştur (p=0,0001). KGS Grubunun saat 08.00, 11.00, 14.00 ve 17.00 gözyaşı osmolaritesi ölçümü ortalamaları kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ölçüde yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0,001, p=0,0001). KGS ve Kontrol Gruplarının, grup içi ve gruplar arası saat 08.00, 11.00, 14.00 ve 17.00 gözyaşı osmolaritesi ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark gözlenmemiştir (p>0,05). Tar t›fl ma: Kuru gözlü ve sağlıklı normal bireylerde, gün içi gözyaşı osmolaritesi ölçümlerinin değişkenliğini değerlendirdiğimiz çalışmamızın sonucunda, her iki grupta da anlamlı değişiklik saptamadık. İkincil sonuç olarak, KGS tanısında gözyaşı osmolaritesi, Shirmer ve GKZ testleri arasında fark olmadığı sonucuna vardık. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2013; 43: 437-41) Anah tar Ke li me ler: Kuru göz sendromu, gözyaşı osmolaritesi, Schirmer testi, gözyaşı kırılma zamanı Sum maryPur po se: We have targeted primarily to show the variations of tear osmolarity during the daytime period in subjects with dry eyes and non-dry eyes and, secondarily, to evaluate the relationship of these variations with Schirmer's test and break-up time (BUT). Ma te ri al and Met hod: Twenty newly diagnosed dry eye patients and 20 healthy voluntary subjects with similar age and gender were included in this prospective study. In addition to the full ophthalmic examination, Schirmer's test and BUT test were applied to all participants. Tear osmolarity measurements were done after pre-examination but in different day. The measurements were registered with TearLab Osmolarity System (TearLab Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA) every 3 hours within 8:00 AM and 5:00 PM. The results were evaluated statistically. Re sults: No statistically significant difference was found between the mean age and gender of dry eye syndrome (DES) and control groups (p>0.05). The mean measurements of Schirmer's test and BUT in the DES group were statistically significantly lower than those in the control group (p=0.0001). , and within DES and control groups (p>0.05). Dis cus si...