Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease that is represented as patches of hair loss, fractional CO2 laser and cryotherapy are used to stimulate hair growth in patients of AA. Evaluation of fractional CO2 laser effect versus liquid nitrogen cryotherapy in the treatment of AA. Eighty patients presented with patches of AA. The first group consisted of 40 patients were treated with fractional CO2 laser, the second group also 40 patients were treated with cryotherapy. The efficacy of the treatment was statistically evaluated. A positive therapeutic response was noted in most patients by trichoscopy at the end of treatment, there was a decrease in exclamation mark hairs, yellow dots, black dots, broken hairs, and an increase in short vellus hair and circle hair of patients compared to baseline and control. No serious side effects were seen. Fractional CO2 laser and liquid nitrogen cryotherapy are considered a promising, safe, and effective treatment modality with the better result with CO2 laser.

Major epidemic outbreaks create an increased demand for healthcare workers (HCWs) and pose increased health risk to them as well. 1 It is worth mentioning that during initial phase of COVID-19 outbreak, and 29% of all hospitalized patients were HCWs. 2 The constant increasing of infected cases, newer waves of the virus, increase in death tolls among physicians and uncertainty and scarcity of vaccination in many parts of the world to date while devising this study, extensive media pressure and plethora of rumors had all contributed to increased mental burden and anxiety of physicians and medical teams. 3 Such mentally exhaustive situations may negatively impact mental and emotional health of physicians and healthcare workers as such. 4 The number of Egyptian physicians infected by corona virus has increased alarmingly, and their death toll had reached 327 at the time of writing this study while only 1327 had received vaccination. 5

Background Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition that causes non‐scarring hair loss. To date, there is no single cure and treatment remains challenging. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of Jessener solution versus intralesional steroid in treatment of Alopecia Areata. Methods This study included 40 patients who presented with multifocal patchy alopecia areata (AA). For each patient, three patches were randomly selected to be treated one with intralesional steroid, another with topical Jessner solution and the third with normal saline. Three sessions were done 3 weeks apart and were followed up for 3 months. Response was assessed clinically and by trichoscope. Results Fifteen percent of patches coated with Jessner or injected with steroids showed an excellent response while 20% of patches coated with Jessner and 32.5% patches injected with steroids showed a good response. A significant difference was observed between the three modalities of treatment regarding the prognostic score for response (p < 0.001) as patches coated with Jessner and those steroid injected showed a significant higher response rate than patches injected with saline (p < 0.001) while no significant difference was reported between patches either treated with Jessner or steroids (p > 0.05). Conclusion Jessners solution can be a novel and feasible and well tolerated modality of treatment for patients suffering from alopecia areata.

Background Cutaneous lupus erythematosus is an umbrella term for a group of autoimmune connective tissue disorders affecting the skin. Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is the chronic condition and most common form of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Aims Current therapies of DLE are challenging and not completely satisfactory, highly expensive, off‐label, or poorly available (like antimalarials due to COVID‐19 outbreaks). Nicotinamide, also called niacinamide, is a water‐soluble form of vitamin B3 (niacin). Its multiple effects let us think that nicotinamide could be a therapy for lupus‐associated skin lesions. Methods We performed a prospective randomized double‐blind clinical trial on 60 subjects diagnosed with Discoid lupus erythematosus using topical Nicotinamide 2% and 4% preparations in form of cream and gel on skin and scalp lesions. Control group was included using only cream/gel base as placebo control. Results Obtained data showed that topical Nicotinamide can be used for the treatment of DLE as adjuvant to other treatment regimens with good cosmetic results and minimal side effects. Topical 4% Nicotinamide is superior to 2% preparation in response but associated with a higher incidence of irritation. Conclusion Topical Nicotinamide can be used for the treatment of DLE as an adjuvant to other treatment regimens with good cosmetic results and minimal side effects. Further trials with long‐term therapy, follow‐up period, and bigger sample sizes are required.

To assess and evaluate the efficacy and safety of nicotinamide 4% topical formulation for the treatment of mild to moderate psoriasis. This study was conducted on 60 patients aged 18-65 years, with mild to moderate psoriasis vulgaris. Nicotinamide